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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-. The future stem is from reduplicated *pi-pr̥h₃-; the change of *-ɸr- to *-br- in Proto-Celtic is phonologically regular.
Verb
*ɸarnati
- to grant, to bestow
Inflection
| Nasal-infix athematic present with stem ablaut to an h₃-final root, root aorist
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸarnāmi
|
*ɸarnamam
|
*ɸibrāsū
|
*ɸīram
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸarnāsi
|
*ɸarnatās
|
*ɸibrāsesi
|
*ɸīras
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸarnāti
|
*ɸarnato
|
*ɸibrāseti
|
*ɸīrat
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸarnamosi
|
*ɸarnamo
|
*ɸibrāsomosi
|
*ɸīrame
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸarnatesi
|
*ɸarnastē
|
*ɸibrāsetesi
|
*ɸīrate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸarnonti
|
*ɸarnanto
|
*ɸibrāsonti
|
*ɸīrant
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸerasū
|
?
|
—
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| 2nd singular
|
*ɸerasesi
|
?
|
*ɸarnā
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸeraseti
|
?
|
*ɸarnātou
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸerasomosi
|
?
|
*ɸarnamos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸerasetesi
|
?
|
*ɸarnate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸerasonti
|
?
|
*ɸarnontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸarnār
|
—
|
*ɸibrāsūr
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸarnātar
|
—
|
*ɸibrāsetar
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸarnātor
|
?
|
*ɸibrāsetor
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸarnammor
|
—
|
*ɸibrāsommor
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸarnadwe
|
—
|
*ɸibrāsedwe
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸarnontor
|
?
|
*ɸibrāsontor
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸerasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸerasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸerasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸerasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸerasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸerasontor
|
—
|
—
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| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
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singular
|
dual
|
plural
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| nominative
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*ɸarnonts
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*ɸarnonte
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*ɸarnontes
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| vocative
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*ɸarnonts
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*ɸarnonte
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*ɸarnontes
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| accusative
|
*ɸarnontam
|
*ɸarnonte
|
*ɸarnontans
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| genitive
|
*ɸarnantos
|
*?
|
*ɸarnantom
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| dative
|
*ɸarnantei
|
*ɸarnantbom
|
*ɸarnantbos
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| instrumental
|
*ɸarnantī?
|
*ɸarnantbim
|
*ɸarnantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸarnantī
|
*ɸarnantī
|
*ɸarnantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸarnantī
|
*ɸarnantī
|
*ɸarnantiyās
|
| accusative
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*ɸarnantīm
|
*ɸarnantī
|
*ɸarnantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸarnantyās
|
*?
|
*ɸarnantyom
|
| dative
|
*ɸarnantyāi
|
*ɸarnantyābom
|
*ɸarnantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸarnantyābim
|
*ɸarnantyābis
|
| neuter
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singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸarnont
|
*?
|
*ɸarnonta
|
| vocative
|
*ɸarnont
|
*?
|
*ɸarnonta
|
| accusative
|
*ɸarnont
|
*?
|
*ɸarnonta
|
| genitive
|
*ɸarnantos
|
*?
|
*ɸarnantom
|
| dative
|
*ɸarnantei
|
*?
|
*ɸarnantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸarnantī?
|
*?
|
*ɸarnantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸarnamnos
|
*ɸarnamnou
|
*ɸarnamnoi
|
| vocative
|
*ɸarnamne
|
*ɸarnamnou
|
*ɸarnamnoi
|
| accusative
|
*ɸarnamnom
|
*ɸarnamnou
|
*ɸarnamnons
|
| genitive
|
*ɸarnamnī
|
*ɸarnamnous
|
*ɸarnamnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸarnamnūi
|
*ɸarnamnobom
|
*ɸarnamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸarnamnū
|
*ɸarnamnobim
|
*ɸarnamnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸarnamnā
|
*ɸarnamnai
|
*ɸarnamnās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸarnamnā
|
*ɸarnamnai
|
*ɸarnamnās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸarnamnam
|
*ɸarnamnai
|
*ɸarnamnans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸarnamnās
|
*ɸarnamnous
|
*ɸarnamnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸarnamnai
|
*ɸarnamnābom
|
*ɸarnamnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸarnamnābim
|
*ɸarnamnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸarnamnom
|
*ɸarnamnou
|
*ɸarnamnā
|
| vocative
|
*ɸarnamnom
|
*ɸarnamnou
|
*ɸarnamnā
|
| accusative
|
*ɸarnamnom
|
*ɸarnamnou
|
*ɸarnamnā
|
| genitive
|
*ɸarnamnī
|
*ɸarnamnous
|
*ɸarnamnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸarnamnūi
|
*ɸarnamnobom
|
*ɸarnamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸarnamnū
|
*ɸarnamnobim
|
*ɸarnamnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
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singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
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*ɸratos
|
*ɸratou
|
*ɸratoi
|
| vocative
|
*ɸrate
|
*ɸratou
|
*ɸratoi
|
| accusative
|
*ɸratom
|
*ɸratou
|
*ɸratons
|
| genitive
|
*ɸratī
|
*ɸratous
|
*ɸratom
|
| dative
|
*ɸratūi
|
*ɸratobom
|
*ɸratobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸratū
|
*ɸratobim
|
*ɸratobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸratā
|
*ɸratai
|
*ɸratās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸratā
|
*ɸratai
|
*ɸratās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸratam
|
*ɸratai
|
*ɸratans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸratās
|
*ɸratous
|
*ɸratom
|
| dative
|
*ɸratai
|
*ɸratābom
|
*ɸratābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸratābim
|
*ɸratābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸratom
|
*ɸratou
|
*ɸratā
|
| vocative
|
*ɸratom
|
*ɸratou
|
*ɸratā
|
| accusative
|
*ɸratom
|
*ɸratou
|
*ɸratā
|
| genitive
|
*ɸratī
|
*ɸratous
|
*ɸratom
|
| dative
|
*ɸratūi
|
*ɸratobom
|
*ɸratobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸratū
|
*ɸratobim
|
*ɸratobis
|
Descendants
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*far-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 122