ernaid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ɸarnati, from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “give, grant”), Sanskrit पृणाति (pṛṇā́ti, “grant, bestow”), Latin parō (“prepare”).

Several proposals have been made attempting to derive the perfect ro·ír from a reduplicated preterite *ɸeɸore. Many sound laws proposed to transform *ɸeɸore to ·ír run into a major counterexample in nïad (“of a nephew”, gen. sg. < *neɸotos, featuring the same *eɸo sequence). Nikolaev (2010) more convincingly reconstructs *ɸīrat (3sg.), derived from a Narten-ablaut imperfect.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈer͈n͈ɨðʲ]

Verb

ernaid (verbal noun rath)

to bestow, to grant

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ernaid.

Inflection

Simple, class B IV present, suffixless preterite, a future, a subjunctive
		active						passive
		singular			plural			singular	plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd	singular	plural
present indicative	abs.
	conj.
	rel.

imperfect indicative				·ernad

preterite	abs.
	conj.
	rel.

perfect	deut.			ro·ír; ronn·ír (with infixed pronoun n-)					ro·ratha
perfect	prot.

future	abs.			ebarthi (with suffixed pronoun -i)				ebarthir
	conj.
	rel.

conditional

present subjunctive	abs.
	conj.		·ere (attested as ro·ere, a ro-form)	·ǽra (attested as ra·ǽra, a ro-form with infixed pronoun a-)				·erthar (attested as ro·erthar, a ro-form)
	rel.

past subjunctive			·ertha					·erthe (attested as ro·erthe, a ro-form)

imperative

verbal noun		rath
past participle
verbal of necessity

Mutation

Mutation of *ernaid*
radical	lenition	nasalization
ernaid (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	ernaid	n-ernaid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Nikolaev, Alexander (2010). "Old Irish ro-ír and other í-preterites." Paper presented at the 30th Harvard Celtic Colloquium on 8 October 2010.

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ernaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909] D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, page 463; reprinted 2017
Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 513

[1] Nikolaev, Alexander (2010). "Old Irish ro-ír and other í-preterites." Paper presented at the 30th Harvard Celtic Colloquium on 8 October 2010.

[1]