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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From *ɸro- + *annketi (“to come”).[1]
Verb
*ɸroannketi
- to reach
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸroannkū
|
*ɸroannkemam
|
*ɸroīnxsū
|
*ɸroānonka
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸroannkesi
|
*ɸroannketās
|
*ɸroīnxsesi
|
*ɸroānonkas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸroannketi
|
*ɸroannketo
|
*ɸroīnxseti
|
*ɸroānonke
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸroannkomosi
|
*ɸroannkemo
|
*ɸroīnxsomosi
|
*ɸroānonkmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸroannketesi
|
*ɸroannkestē
|
*ɸroīnxsetesi
|
*ɸroānonxte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸroannkonti
|
*ɸroannkento
|
*ɸroīnxsonti
|
*ɸroānonkars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸroīnxsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸroīnxsesi
|
?
|
*ɸroannke
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸroīnxseti
|
?
|
*ɸroannketou
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸroīnxsomosi
|
?
|
*ɸroannkomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸroīnxsetesi
|
?
|
*ɸroannkete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸroīnxsonti
|
?
|
*ɸroannkontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸroannkūr
|
—
|
*ɸroīnxsūr
|
*ɸroānonkra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸroannketar
|
—
|
*ɸroīnxsetar
|
*ɸroānonkras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸroannketor
|
?
|
*ɸroīnxsetor
|
*ɸroānonkre
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸroannkommor
|
—
|
*ɸroīnxsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸroannkedwe
|
—
|
*ɸroīnxsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸroannkontor
|
?
|
*ɸroīnxsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*ɸroīnxsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*ɸroīnxsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*ɸroīnxsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*ɸroīnxsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*ɸroīnxsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ɸroīnxsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸroannkonts
|
*ɸroannkonte
|
*ɸroannkontes
|
| vocative
|
*ɸroannkonts
|
*ɸroannkonte
|
*ɸroannkontes
|
| accusative
|
*ɸroannkontam
|
*ɸroannkonte
|
*ɸroannkontans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸroannkantos
|
*?
|
*ɸroannkantom
|
| dative
|
*ɸroannkantei
|
*ɸroannkantbom
|
*ɸroannkantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸroannkantī?
|
*ɸroannkantbim
|
*ɸroannkantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸroannkantī
|
*ɸroannkantī
|
*ɸroannkantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸroannkantī
|
*ɸroannkantī
|
*ɸroannkantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸroannkantīm
|
*ɸroannkantī
|
*ɸroannkantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸroannkantyās
|
*?
|
*ɸroannkantyom
|
| dative
|
*ɸroannkantyāi
|
*ɸroannkantyābom
|
*ɸroannkantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸroannkantyābim
|
*ɸroannkantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸroannkont
|
*?
|
*ɸroannkonta
|
| vocative
|
*ɸroannkont
|
*?
|
*ɸroannkonta
|
| accusative
|
*ɸroannkont
|
*?
|
*ɸroannkonta
|
| genitive
|
*ɸroannkantos
|
*?
|
*ɸroannkantom
|
| dative
|
*ɸroannkantei
|
*?
|
*ɸroannkantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸroannkantī?
|
*?
|
*ɸroannkantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸroannkomnos
|
*ɸroannkomnou
|
*ɸroannkomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*ɸroannkomne
|
*ɸroannkomnou
|
*ɸroannkomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*ɸroannkomnom
|
*ɸroannkomnou
|
*ɸroannkomnons
|
| genitive
|
*ɸroannkomnī
|
*ɸroannkomnous
|
*ɸroannkomnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸroannkomnūi
|
*ɸroannkomnobom
|
*ɸroannkomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸroannkomnū
|
*ɸroannkomnobim
|
*ɸroannkomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸroannkomnā
|
*ɸroannkomnai
|
*ɸroannkomnās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸroannkomnā
|
*ɸroannkomnai
|
*ɸroannkomnās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸroannkomnam
|
*ɸroannkomnai
|
*ɸroannkomnans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸroannkomnās
|
*ɸroannkomnous
|
*ɸroannkomnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸroannkomnai
|
*ɸroannkomnābom
|
*ɸroannkomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸroannkomnābim
|
*ɸroannkomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸroannkomnom
|
*ɸroannkomnou
|
*ɸroannkomnā
|
| vocative
|
*ɸroannkomnom
|
*ɸroannkomnou
|
*ɸroannkomnā
|
| accusative
|
*ɸroannkomnom
|
*ɸroannkomnou
|
*ɸroannkomnā
|
| genitive
|
*ɸroannkomnī
|
*ɸroannkomnous
|
*ɸroannkomnom
|
| dative
|
*ɸroannkomnūi
|
*ɸroannkomnobom
|
*ɸroannkomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸroannkomnū
|
*ɸroannkomnobim
|
*ɸroannkomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸroanxtos
|
*ɸroanxtou
|
*ɸroanxtoi
|
| vocative
|
*ɸroanxte
|
*ɸroanxtou
|
*ɸroanxtoi
|
| accusative
|
*ɸroanxtom
|
*ɸroanxtou
|
*ɸroanxtons
|
| genitive
|
*ɸroanxtī
|
*ɸroanxtous
|
*ɸroanxtom
|
| dative
|
*ɸroanxtūi
|
*ɸroanxtobom
|
*ɸroanxtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸroanxtū
|
*ɸroanxtobim
|
*ɸroanxtobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸroanxtā
|
*ɸroanxtai
|
*ɸroanxtās
|
| vocative
|
*ɸroanxtā
|
*ɸroanxtai
|
*ɸroanxtās
|
| accusative
|
*ɸroanxtam
|
*ɸroanxtai
|
*ɸroanxtans
|
| genitive
|
*ɸroanxtās
|
*ɸroanxtous
|
*ɸroanxtom
|
| dative
|
*ɸroanxtai
|
*ɸroanxtābom
|
*ɸroanxtābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*ɸroanxtābim
|
*ɸroanxtābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*ɸroanxtom
|
*ɸroanxtou
|
*ɸroanxtā
|
| vocative
|
*ɸroanxtom
|
*ɸroanxtou
|
*ɸroanxtā
|
| accusative
|
*ɸroanxtom
|
*ɸroanxtou
|
*ɸroanxtā
|
| genitive
|
*ɸroanxtī
|
*ɸroanxtous
|
*ɸroanxtom
|
| dative
|
*ɸroanxtūi
|
*ɸroanxtobom
|
*ɸroanxtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*ɸroanxtū
|
*ɸroanxtobim
|
*ɸroanxtobis
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Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *rėnkɨd
- Middle Breton: ranquout, rencout
- Middle Welsh: rhyngu, rhengi
- Old Irish: ro·icc
- Irish: righ
- Manx: raink (suppletive past stem of rosh)
- Scottish Gaelic: ruig
References