Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-ālos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative forms

*-ālā f

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂los, from *-eh₂ (a-stem suffix) + *-lós (adjectival suffix). Cognate with Latin -ālis.

Suffix

*-ālos^[1]

Used to form adjectives from nouns

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-ālos	*-ālou	*-āloi
vocative	*-āle	*-ālou	*-āloi
accusative	*-ālom	*-ālou	*-ālons
genitive	*-ālī	*-ālous	*-ālom
dative	*-ālūi	*-ālobom	*-ālobos
instrumental	*-ālū	*-ālobim	*-ālobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-ālā	*-ālai	*-ālās
vocative	*-ālā	*-ālai	*-ālās
accusative	*-ālam	*-ālai	*-ālans
genitive	*-ālās	*-ālous	*-ālom
dative	*-ālai	*-ālābom	*-ālābos
instrumental	*?	*-ālābim	*-ālābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-ālom	*-ālou	*-ālā
vocative	*-ālom	*-ālou	*-ālā
accusative	*-ālom	*-ālou	*-ālā
genitive	*-ālī	*-ālous	*-ālom
dative	*-ālūi	*-ālobom	*-ālobos
instrumental	*-ālū	*-ālobim	*-ālobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-ālyūs	*?	*-ālyoses
vocative	*-ālyūs	*?	*-ālyoses
accusative	*-ālyosam	*?	*-ālyosans
genitive	*-ālisos	*?	*-ālisom
dative	*-ālisei	*?	*-ālisbos
instrumental	*-ālisī	*?	*-ālisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-ālyūs	*?	*-ālyoses
vocative	*-ālyūs	*?	*-ālyoses
accusative	*-ālyosam	*?	*-ālyosans
genitive	*-ālisos	*?	*-ālisom
dative	*-ālisei	*?	*-ālisbos
instrumental	*-ālisī	*?	*-ālisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-ālis	*?	*?
vocative	*-ālis	*?	*?
accusative	*-ālis	*?	*?
genitive	*-ālisos	*?	*-ālisom
dative	*-ālisei	*?	*-ālisbos
instrumental	*-ālisī	*?	*-ālisbis

Derived terms

Category Proto-Celtic terms suffixed with *-ālos (adjective) not found

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *-ọl
- Old Breton: -ol
  - Middle Breton: -el
    - Breton: -el
- Cornish: -el
- Old Welsh: -ol
  - Middle Welsh: -awl
    - Welsh: -ol
Old Irish: -all

References

^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ol, -iol”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies: “*-āl-o-”

[GPC-1] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ol, -iol”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies: “*-āl-o-”

[1]