Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/butā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology 1

Obvious cognates include Lithuanian bùtas (“home, house”) and Icelandic búð. It is tempting to connect these to *bʰuH- (“to be”) (whence Etymology 2),[1][2] but the Lithuanian short vowel has led to Matasović[3] and Zair[4] dismissing a derivation from that root. Matasović consequently concludes that these words constitute a Wanderwort.

Noun

*butā f

  1. hut, cabin
  2. dwelling
Inflection
Feminine ā-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *butā *butai *butās
vocative *butā *butai *butās
accusative *butam *butai *butāns
genitive *butās *butous *butom
dative *butāi *butābom *butābos
locative *butai *? *?
instrumental *? *butābim *butābis
Descendants
  • Proto-Brythonic: *bod
    • Old Breton: bot (attested in compounds)
      • Breton: bod (only in fixed phrases)
    • Cornish: bod, bos (only as a place name element)
    • Middle Welsh: bod (“dwelling”)
  • Old Irish: both
    • Middle Irish: both
      • Irish: both
      • Scottish Gaelic: both (“cottage”)
  • Gaulish: *butā
    • → French: (various dialectal terms) boye, bouatson, boen

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be”) + *-tā (verbal noun suffix).[1][5][4]

Noun

*butā f

  1. being, existence
    Synonym: *butis
Inflection
Feminine ā-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *butā *butai *butās
vocative *butā *butai *butās
accusative *butam *butai *butāns
genitive *butās *butous *butom
dative *butāi *butābom *butābos
locative *butai *? *?
instrumental *? *butābim *butābis
Descendants
  • Proto-Brythonic: *bod
    • Old Breton: bot
      • Middle Breton: bout
        • Breton: bout (surviving only in dialects or fixed expressions; otherwise replaced by bezañ)
    • Cornish: bos
    • Middle Welsh: bod (“to be”)
  • Old Irish: buith, both (original nominative), buid (mostly Würzburg spelling) (merged with *butis)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Irslinger, Britta Sofie (2002) Abstrakta mit Dentalsuffixen im Altirischen [Abstracts with Dental Suffixes in Old Irish] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter, →ISBN, pages 400-401
  2. ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “buta”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 95
  3. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*butā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 84–85
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 122
  5. ^ Matasović, Ranko (December 2011) “Addenda et corrigenda to Ranko Matasović’s Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Brill, Leiden 2009)”, in Homepage of Ranko Matasović‎[1], Zagreb, page 9
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