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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From *karos (“dear, beloved”) + *-āti (factitive deadjectival verb suffix).
Verb
*karāti
- to desire, to wish
- to love
Inflection
| Ā-present, s-preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*karāmi
|
*karāmam
|
*kikarasū
|
*karasam
|
| 2nd singular
|
*karāsi
|
*karātās
|
*kikarasesi
|
*karass
|
| 3rd singular
|
*karāti
|
*karāto
|
*kikaraseti
|
*karast
|
| 1st plural
|
*karāmosi
|
*karāmo
|
*kikarasomosi
|
*karasme
|
| 2nd plural
|
*karātesi
|
*karāstē
|
*kikarasetesi
|
*karaste
|
| 3rd plural
|
*karānti
|
*karānto
|
*kikarasonti
|
*karasant
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*karasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*karasesi
|
?
|
*karā
|
| 3rd singular
|
*karaseti
|
?
|
*karātou
|
| 1st plural
|
*karasomosi
|
?
|
*karāmos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*karasetesi
|
?
|
*karāte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*karasonti
|
?
|
*karāntou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*karār
|
—
|
*kikarasūr
|
?
|
| 2nd singular
|
*karātar
|
—
|
*kikarasetar
|
?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*karātor
|
?
|
*kikarasetor
|
?
|
| 1st plural
|
*karāmmor
|
—
|
*kikarasommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*karādwe
|
—
|
*kikarasedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*karāntor
|
?
|
*kikarasontor
|
*karasanto
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*karasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*karasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*karasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*karasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*karasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*karasontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*karants
|
*karante
|
*karantes
|
| vocative
|
*karants
|
*karante
|
*karantes
|
| accusative
|
*karantam
|
*karante
|
*karantans
|
| genitive
|
*karantos
|
*?
|
*karantom
|
| dative
|
*karantei
|
*karantbom
|
*karantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*karantī?
|
*karantbim
|
*karantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*karantī
|
*karantī
|
*karantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*karantī
|
*karantī
|
*karantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*karantīm
|
*karantī
|
*karantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*karantyās
|
*?
|
*karantyom
|
| dative
|
*karantyāi
|
*karantyābom
|
*karantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*karantyābim
|
*karantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*karant
|
*?
|
*karanta
|
| vocative
|
*karant
|
*?
|
*karanta
|
| accusative
|
*karant
|
*?
|
*karanta
|
| genitive
|
*karantos
|
*?
|
*karantom
|
| dative
|
*karantei
|
*?
|
*karantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*karantī?
|
*?
|
*karantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*karamnos
|
*karamnou
|
*karamnoi
|
| vocative
|
*karamne
|
*karamnou
|
*karamnoi
|
| accusative
|
*karamnom
|
*karamnou
|
*karamnons
|
| genitive
|
*karamnī
|
*karamnous
|
*karamnom
|
| dative
|
*karamnūi
|
*karamnobom
|
*karamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*karamnū
|
*karamnobim
|
*karamnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*karamnā
|
*karamnai
|
*karamnās
|
| vocative
|
*karamnā
|
*karamnai
|
*karamnās
|
| accusative
|
*karamnam
|
*karamnai
|
*karamnans
|
| genitive
|
*karamnās
|
*karamnous
|
*karamnom
|
| dative
|
*karamnai
|
*karamnābom
|
*karamnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*karamnābim
|
*karamnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*karamnom
|
*karamnou
|
*karamnā
|
| vocative
|
*karamnom
|
*karamnou
|
*karamnā
|
| accusative
|
*karamnom
|
*karamnou
|
*karamnā
|
| genitive
|
*karamnī
|
*karamnous
|
*karamnom
|
| dative
|
*karamnūi
|
*karamnobom
|
*karamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*karamnū
|
*karamnobim
|
*karamnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*karātos
|
*karātou
|
*karātoi
|
| vocative
|
*karāte
|
*karātou
|
*karātoi
|
| accusative
|
*karātom
|
*karātou
|
*karātons
|
| genitive
|
*karātī
|
*karātous
|
*karātom
|
| dative
|
*karātūi
|
*karātobom
|
*karātobos
|
| instrumental
|
*karātū
|
*karātobim
|
*karātobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*karātā
|
*karātai
|
*karātās
|
| vocative
|
*karātā
|
*karātai
|
*karātās
|
| accusative
|
*karātam
|
*karātai
|
*karātans
|
| genitive
|
*karātās
|
*karātous
|
*karātom
|
| dative
|
*karātai
|
*karātābom
|
*karātābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*karātābim
|
*karātābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*karātom
|
*karātou
|
*karātā
|
| vocative
|
*karātom
|
*karātou
|
*karātā
|
| accusative
|
*karātom
|
*karātou
|
*karātā
|
| genitive
|
*karātī
|
*karātous
|
*karātom
|
| dative
|
*karātūi
|
*karātobom
|
*karātobos
|
| instrumental
|
*karātū
|
*karātobim
|
*karātobis
|
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *karɨd
- Old Irish: caraid, ·cara
- Celtiberian: Kara-
- Gaulish: Caro-, -carus
Further reading
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 191