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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *lh₂p-sḱéti, (bearing the present-forming suffix *-sḱéti), from the telic root *leh₂p- (“to light, shine”). Related to Ancient Greek λάμπω (lámpō, “I shine”).
Verb
*lasketi[1]
- to burn
Inflection
| Thematic present
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*laskū
|
*laskemam
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*laskesi
|
*lasketās
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lasketi
|
*lasketo
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*laskomosi
|
*laskemo
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*lasketesi
|
*laskestē
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*laskonti
|
*laskento
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*laske
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
?
|
*lasketou
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
?
|
*laskomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*laskete
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
?
|
*laskontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*laskūr
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*lasketar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lasketor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*laskommor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*laskedwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*laskontor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
?
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*laskonts
|
*laskonte
|
*laskontes
|
| vocative
|
*laskonts
|
*laskonte
|
*laskontes
|
| accusative
|
*laskontam
|
*laskonte
|
*laskontans
|
| genitive
|
*laskantos
|
*?
|
*laskantom
|
| dative
|
*laskantei
|
*laskantbom
|
*laskantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*laskantī?
|
*laskantbim
|
*laskantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*laskantī
|
*laskantī
|
*laskantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*laskantī
|
*laskantī
|
*laskantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*laskantīm
|
*laskantī
|
*laskantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*laskantyās
|
*?
|
*laskantyom
|
| dative
|
*laskantyāi
|
*laskantyābom
|
*laskantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*laskantyābim
|
*laskantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*laskont
|
*?
|
*laskonta
|
| vocative
|
*laskont
|
*?
|
*laskonta
|
| accusative
|
*laskont
|
*?
|
*laskonta
|
| genitive
|
*laskantos
|
*?
|
*laskantom
|
| dative
|
*laskantei
|
*?
|
*laskantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*laskantī?
|
*?
|
*laskantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*laskomnos
|
*laskomnou
|
*laskomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*laskomne
|
*laskomnou
|
*laskomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*laskomnom
|
*laskomnou
|
*laskomnons
|
| genitive
|
*laskomnī
|
*laskomnous
|
*laskomnom
|
| dative
|
*laskomnūi
|
*laskomnobom
|
*laskomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*laskomnū
|
*laskomnobim
|
*laskomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*laskomnā
|
*laskomnai
|
*laskomnās
|
| vocative
|
*laskomnā
|
*laskomnai
|
*laskomnās
|
| accusative
|
*laskomnam
|
*laskomnai
|
*laskomnans
|
| genitive
|
*laskomnās
|
*laskomnous
|
*laskomnom
|
| dative
|
*laskomnai
|
*laskomnābom
|
*laskomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*laskomnābim
|
*laskomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*laskomnom
|
*laskomnou
|
*laskomnā
|
| vocative
|
*laskomnom
|
*laskomnou
|
*laskomnā
|
| accusative
|
*laskomnom
|
*laskomnou
|
*laskomnā
|
| genitive
|
*laskomnī
|
*laskomnous
|
*laskomnom
|
| dative
|
*laskomnūi
|
*laskomnobom
|
*laskomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*laskomnū
|
*laskomnobim
|
*laskomnobis
|
Reconstruction notes
- The causative counterpart to this verb must have been formed after laryngeals were vocalized and lost, since the o-grade of this root should result in a long *ā as in *rādīti. Such a secondary causative *loskīti merged with the original intransitive verb in Insular Celtic.
- LIV assumes the root-final consonant -p- > -ɸ- > -x- was lost in Proto-Celtic, maybe to eliminate the possibility of /x/ appearing in Brittonic.
Derived terms
- *losk-os
- Proto-Brythonic: *llosk
- Breton: losk
- Old Cornish: losc
- Middle Welsh: losc
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Breton: lesquiff
- Cornish: leski
- Middle Welsh: llosgi
- Old Irish: loscaid
References