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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)lewg- *(s)lewk-, see also Dutch slokken, German schlucken, Ancient Greek λύζω (lúzō).
Verb
*slunketi[1]
- to swallow
Declension
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*slunkū
|
*slunkemam
|
*sisluxsū
|
*suslouka
|
| 2nd singular
|
*slunkesi
|
*slunketās
|
*sisluxsesi
|
*susloukas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*slunketi
|
*slunketo
|
*sisluxseti
|
*suslouke
|
| 1st plural
|
*slunkomosi
|
*slunkemo
|
*sisluxsomosi
|
*susloukmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*slunketesi
|
*slunkestē
|
*sisluxsetesi
|
*suslouxte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*slunkonti
|
*slunkento
|
*sisluxsonti
|
*susloukars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*slouxsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*slouxsesi
|
?
|
*slunke
|
| 3rd singular
|
*slouxseti
|
?
|
*slunketou
|
| 1st plural
|
*slouxsomosi
|
?
|
*slunkomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*slouxsetesi
|
?
|
*slunkete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*slouxsonti
|
?
|
*slunkontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*slunkūr
|
—
|
*sisluxsūr
|
*susloukra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*slunketar
|
—
|
*sisluxsetar
|
*susloukras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*slunketor
|
?
|
*sisluxsetor
|
*susloukre
|
| 1st plural
|
*slunkommor
|
—
|
*sisluxsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*slunkedwe
|
—
|
*sisluxsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*slunkontor
|
?
|
*sisluxsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*slouxsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*slouxsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*slouxsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*slouxsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*slouxsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*slouxsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*slunkonts
|
*slunkonte
|
*slunkontes
|
| vocative
|
*slunkonts
|
*slunkonte
|
*slunkontes
|
| accusative
|
*slunkontam
|
*slunkonte
|
*slunkontans
|
| genitive
|
*slunkantos
|
*?
|
*slunkantom
|
| dative
|
*slunkantei
|
*slunkantbom
|
*slunkantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*slunkantī?
|
*slunkantbim
|
*slunkantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*slunkantī
|
*slunkantī
|
*slunkantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*slunkantī
|
*slunkantī
|
*slunkantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*slunkantīm
|
*slunkantī
|
*slunkantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*slunkantyās
|
*?
|
*slunkantyom
|
| dative
|
*slunkantyāi
|
*slunkantyābom
|
*slunkantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*slunkantyābim
|
*slunkantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*slunkont
|
*?
|
*slunkonta
|
| vocative
|
*slunkont
|
*?
|
*slunkonta
|
| accusative
|
*slunkont
|
*?
|
*slunkonta
|
| genitive
|
*slunkantos
|
*?
|
*slunkantom
|
| dative
|
*slunkantei
|
*?
|
*slunkantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*slunkantī?
|
*?
|
*slunkantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*slunkomnos
|
*slunkomnou
|
*slunkomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*slunkomne
|
*slunkomnou
|
*slunkomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*slunkomnom
|
*slunkomnou
|
*slunkomnons
|
| genitive
|
*slunkomnī
|
*slunkomnous
|
*slunkomnom
|
| dative
|
*slunkomnūi
|
*slunkomnobom
|
*slunkomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*slunkomnū
|
*slunkomnobim
|
*slunkomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*slunkomnā
|
*slunkomnai
|
*slunkomnās
|
| vocative
|
*slunkomnā
|
*slunkomnai
|
*slunkomnās
|
| accusative
|
*slunkomnam
|
*slunkomnai
|
*slunkomnans
|
| genitive
|
*slunkomnās
|
*slunkomnous
|
*slunkomnom
|
| dative
|
*slunkomnai
|
*slunkomnābom
|
*slunkomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*slunkomnābim
|
*slunkomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*slunkomnom
|
*slunkomnou
|
*slunkomnā
|
| vocative
|
*slunkomnom
|
*slunkomnou
|
*slunkomnā
|
| accusative
|
*slunkomnom
|
*slunkomnou
|
*slunkomnā
|
| genitive
|
*slunkomnī
|
*slunkomnous
|
*slunkomnom
|
| dative
|
*slunkomnūi
|
*slunkomnobom
|
*slunkomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*slunkomnū
|
*slunkomnobim
|
*slunkomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sluxtos
|
*sluxtou
|
*sluxtoi
|
| vocative
|
*sluxte
|
*sluxtou
|
*sluxtoi
|
| accusative
|
*sluxtom
|
*sluxtou
|
*sluxtons
|
| genitive
|
*sluxtī
|
*sluxtous
|
*sluxtom
|
| dative
|
*sluxtūi
|
*sluxtobom
|
*sluxtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*sluxtū
|
*sluxtobim
|
*sluxtobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sluxtā
|
*sluxtai
|
*sluxtās
|
| vocative
|
*sluxtā
|
*sluxtai
|
*sluxtās
|
| accusative
|
*sluxtam
|
*sluxtai
|
*sluxtans
|
| genitive
|
*sluxtās
|
*sluxtous
|
*sluxtom
|
| dative
|
*sluxtai
|
*sluxtābom
|
*sluxtābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*sluxtābim
|
*sluxtābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*sluxtom
|
*sluxtou
|
*sluxtā
|
| vocative
|
*sluxtom
|
*sluxtou
|
*sluxtā
|
| accusative
|
*sluxtom
|
*sluxtou
|
*sluxtā
|
| genitive
|
*sluxtī
|
*sluxtous
|
*sluxtom
|
| dative
|
*sluxtūi
|
*sluxtobom
|
*sluxtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*sluxtū
|
*sluxtobim
|
*sluxtobis
|
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *llunk
- Old Breton: ro-luncas
- Middle Welsh: llyncu
- Old Irish: sluicid
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*slunk-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 347