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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to melt”).[1][2]
Verb
*tādeti
- to melt (away)
- Synonym: *tinīti
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*tādū
|
*tādemam
|
*titāsū
|
*tetū
|
| 2nd singular
|
*tādesi
|
*tādetās
|
*titāsesi
|
*tetūs
|
| 3rd singular
|
*tādeti
|
*tādeto
|
*titāseti
|
*tetū
|
| 1st plural
|
*tādomosi
|
*tādemo
|
*titāsomosi
|
*tetamo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*tādetesi
|
*tādestē
|
*titāsetesi
|
*tetate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*tādonti
|
*tādento
|
*titāsonti
|
*tetars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*tāsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*tāsesi
|
?
|
*tāde
|
| 3rd singular
|
*tāseti
|
?
|
*tādetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*tāsomosi
|
?
|
*tādomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*tāsetesi
|
?
|
*tādete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*tāsonti
|
?
|
*tādontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*tādūr
|
—
|
*titāsūr
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*tādetar
|
—
|
*titāsetar
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*tādetor
|
?
|
*titāsetor
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*tādommor
|
—
|
*titāsommor
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*tādedwe
|
—
|
*titāsedwe
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*tādontor
|
?
|
*titāsontor
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*tāsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*tāsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*tāsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*tāsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*tāsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*tāsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tādonts
|
*tādonte
|
*tādontes
|
| vocative
|
*tādonts
|
*tādonte
|
*tādontes
|
| accusative
|
*tādontam
|
*tādonte
|
*tādontans
|
| genitive
|
*tādantos
|
*?
|
*tādantom
|
| dative
|
*tādantei
|
*tādantbom
|
*tādantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*tādantī?
|
*tādantbim
|
*tādantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tādantī
|
*tādantī
|
*tādantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*tādantī
|
*tādantī
|
*tādantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*tādantīm
|
*tādantī
|
*tādantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*tādantyās
|
*?
|
*tādantyom
|
| dative
|
*tādantyāi
|
*tādantyābom
|
*tādantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*tādantyābim
|
*tādantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tādont
|
*?
|
*tādonta
|
| vocative
|
*tādont
|
*?
|
*tādonta
|
| accusative
|
*tādont
|
*?
|
*tādonta
|
| genitive
|
*tādantos
|
*?
|
*tādantom
|
| dative
|
*tādantei
|
*?
|
*tādantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*tādantī?
|
*?
|
*tādantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tādomnos
|
*tādomnou
|
*tādomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*tādomne
|
*tādomnou
|
*tādomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*tādomnom
|
*tādomnou
|
*tādomnons
|
| genitive
|
*tādomnī
|
*tādomnous
|
*tādomnom
|
| dative
|
*tādomnūi
|
*tādomnobom
|
*tādomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*tādomnū
|
*tādomnobim
|
*tādomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tādomnā
|
*tādomnai
|
*tādomnās
|
| vocative
|
*tādomnā
|
*tādomnai
|
*tādomnās
|
| accusative
|
*tādomnam
|
*tādomnai
|
*tādomnans
|
| genitive
|
*tādomnās
|
*tādomnous
|
*tādomnom
|
| dative
|
*tādomnai
|
*tādomnābom
|
*tādomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*tādomnābim
|
*tādomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tādomnom
|
*tādomnou
|
*tādomnā
|
| vocative
|
*tādomnom
|
*tādomnou
|
*tādomnā
|
| accusative
|
*tādomnom
|
*tādomnou
|
*tādomnā
|
| genitive
|
*tādomnī
|
*tādomnous
|
*tādomnom
|
| dative
|
*tādomnūi
|
*tādomnobom
|
*tādomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*tādomnū
|
*tādomnobim
|
*tādomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tatos
|
*tatou
|
*tatoi
|
| vocative
|
*tate
|
*tatou
|
*tatoi
|
| accusative
|
*tatom
|
*tatou
|
*tatons
|
| genitive
|
*tatī
|
*tatous
|
*tatom
|
| dative
|
*tatūi
|
*tatobom
|
*tatobos
|
| instrumental
|
*tatū
|
*tatobim
|
*tatobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tatā
|
*tatai
|
*tatās
|
| vocative
|
*tatā
|
*tatai
|
*tatās
|
| accusative
|
*tatam
|
*tatai
|
*tatans
|
| genitive
|
*tatās
|
*tatous
|
*tatom
|
| dative
|
*tatai
|
*tatābom
|
*tatābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*tatābim
|
*tatābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*tatom
|
*tatou
|
*tatā
|
| vocative
|
*tatom
|
*tatou
|
*tatā
|
| accusative
|
*tatom
|
*tatou
|
*tatā
|
| genitive
|
*tatī
|
*tatous
|
*tatom
|
| dative
|
*tatūi
|
*tatobom
|
*tatobos
|
| instrumental
|
*tatū
|
*tatobim
|
*tatobis
|
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *tọðɨd
- Old Breton: todint
- Cornish: teudha, teudhi
- Middle Welsh: todi
- Old Irish: (incorporated into the paradigm of tinaid) ·taa (3sg. subj.), ro·tetha (3sg. perf.)
References
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 627-628
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tā-yo- 'melt'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 374