Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/uɸostatos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-tós, from *upó +‎ *steh₂- +‎ *-tós. On the surface, contains the prefix *uɸo-.

Adjective

*uɸostatos[1]

  1. firm
  2. steady
  3. fixed, stationary

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *uɸostatos *uɸostatou *uɸostatoi
vocative *uɸostate *uɸostatou *uɸostatoi
accusative *uɸostatom *uɸostatou *uɸostatons
genitive *uɸostatī *uɸostatous *uɸostatom
dative *uɸostatūi *uɸostatobom *uɸostatobos
instrumental *uɸostatū *uɸostatobim *uɸostatobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *uɸostatā *uɸostatai *uɸostatās
vocative *uɸostatā *uɸostatai *uɸostatās
accusative *uɸostatam *uɸostatai *uɸostatans
genitive *uɸostatās *uɸostatous *uɸostatom
dative *uɸostatai *uɸostatābom *uɸostatābos
instrumental *? *uɸostatābim *uɸostatābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *uɸostatom *uɸostatou *uɸostatā
vocative *uɸostatom *uɸostatou *uɸostatā
accusative *uɸostatom *uɸostatou *uɸostatā
genitive *uɸostatī *uɸostatous *uɸostatom
dative *uɸostatūi *uɸostatobom *uɸostatobos
instrumental *uɸostatū *uɸostatobim *uɸostatobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *uɸostatyūs *? *uɸostatyoses
vocative *uɸostatyūs *? *uɸostatyoses
accusative *uɸostatyosam *? *uɸostatyosans
genitive *uɸostatisos *? *uɸostatisom
dative *uɸostatisei *? *uɸostatisbos
instrumental *uɸostatisī *? *uɸostatisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *uɸostatyūs *? *uɸostatyoses
vocative *uɸostatyūs *? *uɸostatyoses
accusative *uɸostatyosam *? *uɸostatyosans
genitive *uɸostatisos *? *uɸostatisom
dative *uɸostatisei *? *uɸostatisbos
instrumental *uɸostatisī *? *uɸostatisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *uɸostatis *? *?
vocative *uɸostatis *? *?
accusative *uɸostatis *? *?
genitive *uɸostatisos *? *uɸostatisom
dative *uɸostatisei *? *uɸostatisbos
instrumental *uɸostatisī *? *uɸostatisbis

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *gwostad
    • Old Breton: gwastat
      • Middle Breton: goustad
        • Breton: goustad (“softly, slowly”)
    • Middle Welsh: gwastat, guastat
  • Old Irish: fossad

References

  1. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwastad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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