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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *wédʰeti (“to lead”).[1][2]
Verb
*wedeti[3][2]
- to lead, bring together
- to flow
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*wedū
|
*wedemam
|
?
|
*wāda
|
| 2nd singular
|
*wedesi
|
*wedetās
|
?
|
*wādas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*wedeti
|
*wedeto
|
?
|
*wāde
|
| 1st plural
|
*wedomosi
|
*wedemo
|
?
|
*wādmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*wedetesi
|
*wedestē
|
?
|
*wāsse
|
| 3rd plural
|
*wedonti
|
*wedento
|
?
|
*wādars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*wetsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*wetsesi
|
?
|
*wede
|
| 3rd singular
|
*wetseti
|
?
|
*wedetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*wetsomosi
|
?
|
*wedomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*wetsetesi
|
?
|
*wedete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*wetsonti
|
?
|
*wedontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*wedūr
|
—
|
?
|
*wādra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*wedetar
|
—
|
?
|
*wādras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*wedetor
|
?
|
?
|
*wādre
|
| 1st plural
|
*wedommor
|
—
|
?
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*wededwe
|
—
|
?
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*wedontor
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*wetsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*wetsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*wetsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*wetsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*wetsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*wetsontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wedonts
|
*wedonte
|
*wedontes
|
| vocative
|
*wedonts
|
*wedonte
|
*wedontes
|
| accusative
|
*wedontam
|
*wedonte
|
*wedontans
|
| genitive
|
*wedantos
|
*?
|
*wedantom
|
| dative
|
*wedantei
|
*wedantbom
|
*wedantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*wedantī?
|
*wedantbim
|
*wedantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wedantī
|
*wedantī
|
*wedantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*wedantī
|
*wedantī
|
*wedantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*wedantīm
|
*wedantī
|
*wedantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*wedantyās
|
*?
|
*wedantyom
|
| dative
|
*wedantyāi
|
*wedantyābom
|
*wedantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*wedantyābim
|
*wedantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wedont
|
*?
|
*wedonta
|
| vocative
|
*wedont
|
*?
|
*wedonta
|
| accusative
|
*wedont
|
*?
|
*wedonta
|
| genitive
|
*wedantos
|
*?
|
*wedantom
|
| dative
|
*wedantei
|
*?
|
*wedantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*wedantī?
|
*?
|
*wedantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wedomnos
|
*wedomnou
|
*wedomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*wedomne
|
*wedomnou
|
*wedomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*wedomnom
|
*wedomnou
|
*wedomnons
|
| genitive
|
*wedomnī
|
*wedomnous
|
*wedomnom
|
| dative
|
*wedomnūi
|
*wedomnobom
|
*wedomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wedomnū
|
*wedomnobim
|
*wedomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wedomnā
|
*wedomnai
|
*wedomnās
|
| vocative
|
*wedomnā
|
*wedomnai
|
*wedomnās
|
| accusative
|
*wedomnam
|
*wedomnai
|
*wedomnans
|
| genitive
|
*wedomnās
|
*wedomnous
|
*wedomnom
|
| dative
|
*wedomnai
|
*wedomnābom
|
*wedomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*wedomnābim
|
*wedomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wedomnom
|
*wedomnou
|
*wedomnā
|
| vocative
|
*wedomnom
|
*wedomnou
|
*wedomnā
|
| accusative
|
*wedomnom
|
*wedomnou
|
*wedomnā
|
| genitive
|
*wedomnī
|
*wedomnous
|
*wedomnom
|
| dative
|
*wedomnūi
|
*wedomnobom
|
*wedomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wedomnū
|
*wedomnobim
|
*wedomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wessos
|
*wessou
|
*wessoi
|
| vocative
|
*wesse
|
*wessou
|
*wessoi
|
| accusative
|
*wessom
|
*wessou
|
*wessons
|
| genitive
|
*wessī
|
*wessous
|
*wessom
|
| dative
|
*wessūi
|
*wessobom
|
*wessobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wessū
|
*wessobim
|
*wessobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wessā
|
*wessai
|
*wessās
|
| vocative
|
*wessā
|
*wessai
|
*wessās
|
| accusative
|
*wessam
|
*wessai
|
*wessans
|
| genitive
|
*wessās
|
*wessous
|
*wessom
|
| dative
|
*wessai
|
*wessābom
|
*wessābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*wessābim
|
*wessābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wessom
|
*wessou
|
*wessā
|
| vocative
|
*wessom
|
*wessou
|
*wessā
|
| accusative
|
*wessom
|
*wessou
|
*wessā
|
| genitive
|
*wessī
|
*wessous
|
*wessom
|
| dative
|
*wessūi
|
*wessobom
|
*wessobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wessū
|
*wessobim
|
*wessobis
|
Derived terms
- *ɸarewedeti
- Proto-Brythonic::
- ⇒ Middle Welsh: arwein (“to carry, lead”)
- Old Irish: *ar·feid (“?to bring, ?to lead”)
- *dīwedeti
- *komwedeti
- Proto-Brythonic::
- Middle Welsh: kywein (“to bring together, gather (harvest)”)
- Welsh: cywain (“to haul, garner”)
- Old Irish: *con·feid (“to bring along, steer”)
- *ɸarekomwedeti
- Proto-Brythonic::
- Middle Welsh: argyweðu (“to injure, damage”)
- Old Irish: *ar·coat (“to prevent, hinder”)
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *gweðɨd
- Middle Welsh: gweðu (“to befit, suit, be yoked”)
- ⇒ Middle Breton: dimiziff (“to marry”)
- ⇒ Cornish: demmedhi (“to marry”)
- Old Irish: feidid
References
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 659
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wed-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 406
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “*u̯ed-e/o-”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 656-660