Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kalëda

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

The root borrowed from Proto-Germanic *kalaną (“to be cold, to freeze”) and derived with +‎ *-ëda.

Adjective

*kalëda^[1]

(of weather) cool, chilly
Synonym: *kolëda
harsh, hard

Inflection

Inflection of *kalëda

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*kalëda	*kalëdat
accusative	*kalëdan	*kalëdat
genitive	*kalëdan	kalëdadën kalëdëidën
partitive	*kalëdata	*kalëdëita
inessive	kalëdassa kalëdahna	kalëdëissa kalëdëihna
elative	*kalëdasta	*kalëdëista
illative	*kalëdasën	*kalëdëisën
adessive	*kalëdalla	*kalëdëilla
ablative	*kalëdalta	*kalëdëilta
allative	kalëdalën kalëdalëk	kalëdëilën kalëdëilëk
essive	*kalëdana	*kalëdëina
translative	*kalëdaksi	*kalëdëiksi
instructive	*kalëdan	*kalëdëin
comitative	*kalëdanëk	*kalëdëinëk
abessive	*kalëdatta	*kalëdëitta

Descendants

Estonian: kale
Finnish: (dialectal) kalea
Livvi: kalie
Võro: kallõ

From *kalë-:

Finnish: (dialectal) kale
Ingrian: kale
Votic: kalõ

References

^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kalëda”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[1] (in Finnish)

“kale”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kalea”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

[1] Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kalëda”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[1] (in Finnish)

[1]