Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kalvadak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Borrowed by metathesis from Proto-Germanic *klawjaną
Verb
*kalvadak (stem *kalva-)
Inflection
Inflection of *kalvadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kalvan | *kalvoin | — | *kalvagon |
| 2nd sing. | *kalvat | *kalvoit | *kalvak | *kalvagos |
| 3rd sing. | *kalvabi *kalva |
*kalvoi | *kalvagasën | *kalvagosën |
| 1st plur. | *kalvakmëk *kalvakmak |
*kalvoimëk *kalvoimak |
*kalvagatëmëk *kalvagatamak |
*kalvagotëmëk *kalvagotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kalvaktëk *kalvaktak |
*kalvoidëk *kalvoidak |
*kalvagatë *kalvagata |
*kalvagot'ëk *kalvagotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kalvabat *kalva |
*kalvoi | *kalvagasën | *kalvagosën |
| passive | *kalvaksën *kalvat'aksën |
*kalvadisën *kalvattisën |
*kalvadakahën *kalvattakahën |
*kalvadakohën *kalvattakohën |
| connegative | *kalvak | — | *kalvagak | *kalvagok |
| passive connegative | *kalvaktak | — | *kalvadagak *kalvattagak |
*kalvadagok *kalvattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kalvakcin | *kalvoicin | *kalvanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kalvakcit | *kalvoicit | *kalvanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kalvakci | *kalvoici | *kalvani | |
| 1st plur. | *kalvakcimëk *kalvakcimak |
*kalvoicimëk *kalvoicimak |
*kalvanëmëk *kalvanëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kalvakcidëk *kalvakcidak |
*kalvoicidëk *kalvoicidak |
*kalvanëdëk *kalvanëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kalvakci | *kalvoici | *kalvani | |
| passive | *kalvadakcihën *kalvat'akcihën |
*kalvadicihën *kalvatticihën |
*kalvadanëhën *kalvattanëhën | |
| connegative | *kalvakcik | *kalvoicik | *kalvanëk | |
| passive connegative | *kalvadakcik *kalvat'akcik |
*kalvadicik *kalvatticik |
*kalvadanëk *kalvattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kalvadak | present | *kalvaba | *kalvadapa *kalvattapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kalvadë- | past | *kalvanut | *kalvadu *kalvattu |
| gerund/supine | *kalvama | |||
| action noun | *kalvaminen | |||
Descendants
- Finnish: kalvaa
From *kaludak:
From *kalut'ak:
Further reading
- “kaluma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kalvaa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN