Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Þunraz

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þunraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*Þunaraz^[1]

Etymology

Personification of *þunraz (“thunder”). Identified with the Roman deity Jupiter by way of interpretatio germanica in Germanic weekday names (see Thursday), yet otherwise identified with Hercules by way of interpretatio romana. Compare Latin Iuppiter Tonāns (“Thundering Jupiter”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈθun.rɑz/

Proper noun

*Þunraz m

Thor, god of thunder

Inflection

Declension of *Þunraz (masculine a-stem)
	singular
nominative	*Þunraz
vocative	*Þunr
accusative	*Þunrą
genitive	Þunras, Þunris
dative	*Þunrai
instrumental	*Þunrō

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *Þunr, *Þonr, *Þonr
- Old English: Þunor, Þūr, Þor
  - → English: Thunor (learned)
- Old Saxon: Thunær [9th c. CE, Old Saxon Baptismal Vow]
- Old High German: Donar
  - → German: Donar (learned)
  - → Dutch: Donar (learned)
  - ⇒ Old High German: ᚹᛁᚷᛁᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱ (wigiþonar) [6th–7th c. CE, Nordendorf fibula]
Proto-Norse: *ᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱᚨᛉ (*þonaraʀ), *ᚦᛟᚱᚨᛉ (*þoraʀ /⁠Þǭraʀ⁠/)
- Old Norse: Þórr, ᚦᚢᚱ (þur), ᚦᚮᚱ (þor) — nominative
  - Icelandic: Þór
  - Faroese: Tórur
  - Norwegian: Tor
  - Old Swedish: Þōr
    - Swedish: Tor
  - Old Danish: Thor
    - Danish: Tor (older spelling Thor)
  - → Chinese: 索爾 / 索尔 (suǒ'ěr)
  - → English: Thor
  - → French: Thor
  - → Japanese: トール
  - → Korean: 토르 (toreu)
  - → Russian: Тор (Tor)

References

^ Þorgeirsson, Haukur (December 2023) “The Name of Thor and the Transmission of Old Norse poetry”, in Neophilologus, volume 107, number 4, →DOI, pages 701–713

[1] Þorgeirsson, Haukur (December 2023) “The Name of Thor and the Transmission of Old Norse poetry”, in Neophilologus, volume 107, number 4, →DOI, pages 701–713

[1]