Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þingijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ti-n-k-yé, cognate with Lithuanian tikėti.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈθiŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þingijaną[1]

  1. to believe, to trust
  2. to hope

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þingijō *þingijaų — *þingijai ?
2nd singular *þingīsi *þingijais *þingī *þingijasai *þingijaisau
3rd singular *þingīþi *þingijai *þingijaþau *þingijaþai *þingijaiþau
1st dual *þingijōs *þingijaiw — — —
2nd dual *þingijaþiz *þingijaiþiz *þingijaþiz — —
1st plural *þingijamaz *þingijaim — *þingijanþai *þingijainþau
2nd plural *þingīþ *þingijaiþ *þingīþ *þingijanþai *þingijainþau
3rd plural *þingijanþi *þingijain *þingijanþau *þingijanþai *þingijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þingidǭ *þingidēdį̄
2nd singular *þingidēz *þingidēdīz
3rd singular *þingidē *þingidēdī
1st dual *þingidēdū *þingidēdīw
2nd dual *þingidēdudiz *þingidēdīdiz
1st plural *þingidēdum *þingidēdīm
2nd plural *þingidēdud *þingidēdīd
3rd plural *þingidēdun *þingidēdīn
present past
participles *þingijandz *þingidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *þingijan
    • ⇒ Old Saxon: giþingian
    • ⇒ Old Dutch: giþingen
    • Old High German: dingen

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þingjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 542
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