Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrawjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *þrawō (“suffering, longing”) +‎ *-janą.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈθrau̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þrawjaną[1]

  1. to desire, long for
  2. to suffer, endure
  3. to threaten

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þrawjō *þrawjaų — *þrawjai ?
2nd singular *þrawisi *þrawjais *þrawi *þrawjasai *þrawjaisau
3rd singular *þrawiþi *þrawjai *þrawjaþau *þrawjaþai *þrawjaiþau
1st dual *þrawjōs *þrawjaiw — — —
2nd dual *þrawjaþiz *þrawjaiþiz *þrawjaþiz — —
1st plural *þrawjamaz *þrawjaim — *þrawjanþai *þrawjainþau
2nd plural *þrawiþ *þrawjaiþ *þrawiþ *þrawjanþai *þrawjainþau
3rd plural *þrawjanþi *þrawjain *þrawjanþau *þrawjanþai *þrawjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þrawidǭ *þrawidēdį̄
2nd singular *þrawidēz *þrawidēdīz
3rd singular *þrawidē *þrawidēdī
1st dual *þrawidēdū *þrawidēdīw
2nd dual *þrawidēdudiz *þrawidēdīdiz
1st plural *þrawidēdum *þrawidēdīm
2nd plural *þrawidēdud *þrawidēdīd
3rd plural *þrawidēdun *þrawidēdīn
present past
participles *þrawjandz *þrawidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *þrauwjan
    • Old English: þrēaġan
    • Old High German: drouwen, drōwen, drōen
      • Middle High German: drewen, dröuwen
  • Old Norse: þreyja

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þrawō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 545-6: “*þraujan-”
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