Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/īdalaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A denominative adjective, from pre-Germanic *ih₁-tlo- or *ih₁tolos, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-. Related to Russian я́ловый (jálovyj, barren), Latvian jēls (raw, uncooked), Welsh iâl (clearing, glade).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈiː.ðɑ.lɑz/

Adjective

*īdalaz

  1. (West Germanic) idle, void, unused

Inflection

Declension of *īdalaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *īdalaz *īdalō *īdalą, -atō *īdalai *īdalôz *īdalō
accusative *īdalanǭ *īdalǭ *īdalą, -atō *īdalanz *īdalōz *īdalō
genitive *īdalas, -is *īdalaizōz *īdalas, -is *īdalaizǫ̂ *īdalaizǫ̂ *īdalaizǫ̂
dative *īdalammai *īdalaizōi *īdalammai *īdalaimaz *īdalaimaz *īdalaimaz
instrumental *īdalanō *īdalaizō *īdalanō *īdalaimiz *īdalaimiz *īdalaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *īdalô *īdalǭ *īdalô *īdalaniz *īdalōniz *īdalōnō
accusative *īdalanų *īdalōnų *īdalô *īdalanunz *īdalōnunz *īdalōnō
genitive *īdaliniz *īdalōniz *īdaliniz *īdalanǫ̂ *īdalōnǫ̂ *īdalanǫ̂
dative *īdalini *īdalōni *īdalini *īdalammaz *īdalōmaz *īdalammaz
instrumental *īdalinē *īdalōnē *īdalinē *īdalammiz *īdalōmiz *īdalammiz

Descendants

  • Old English: īdel
    • Middle English: ydel, idel, idil, idill, idul, idyl, idyll, ydell, ydil, ydill, ydul, ydull
      • English: idle
      • Scots: idle
  • Old Frisian: īdel
  • Old Saxon: īdal
    • Middle Low German: îdel
      • German Low German: iedel
  • Old Dutch: īdil
  • Old High German: ītal

References

  • Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 268