Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōstaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

See *-istaz.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɔːs.tɑz/

Suffix

*-ōstaz (comparative *-ōzô)

  1. -est. Forms the superlative of certain adjectives.

Inflection

Declension of *-ōstaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-ōstaz *-ōstō *-ōstą, -atō *-ōstai *-ōstôz *-ōstō
accusative *-ōstanǭ *-ōstǭ *-ōstą, -atō *-ōstanz *-ōstōz *-ōstō
genitive *-ōstas, -is *-ōstaizōz *-ōstas, -is *-ōstaizǫ̂ *-ōstaizǫ̂ *-ōstaizǫ̂
dative *-ōstammai *-ōstaizōi *-ōstammai *-ōstaimaz *-ōstaimaz *-ōstaimaz
instrumental *-ōstanō *-ōstaizō *-ōstanō *-ōstaimiz *-ōstaimiz *-ōstaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-ōstô *-ōstǭ *-ōstô *-ōstaniz *-ōstōniz *-ōstōnō
accusative *-ōstanų *-ōstōnų *-ōstô *-ōstanunz *-ōstōnunz *-ōstōnō
genitive *-ōstiniz *-ōstōniz *-ōstiniz *-ōstanǫ̂ *-ōstōnǫ̂ *-ōstanǫ̂
dative *-ōstini *-ōstōni *-ōstini *-ōstammaz *-ōstōmaz *-ōstammaz
instrumental *-ōstinē *-ōstōnē *-ōstinē *-ōstammiz *-ōstōmiz *-ōstammiz

Usage notes

This suffix was only used for regular a-stem adjectives, which sometimes used this suffix, but sometimes the related suffix *-istaz without any predictable rule. This suffix was never used for i-, u- and ja-stem adjectives.

Derived terms

Proto-Germanic superlative adjectives

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic:
  • Proto-Norse: *-ᛟᛊᛏᚨᛉ (*-ostaʀ /⁠ōstaʀ⁠/)
    • Old Norse: -astr
      • Icelandic: -astur
      • Faroese: -astur
      • Norwegian: -est
      • Old Swedish: -aster
      • Danish: -est
  • Gothic: -𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍃 (-ōsts)
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