Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Inguz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *Ingwô

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from *inguz, *unguz (“mortal; man”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥ḱús (“dead, mortal”), from *neḱ- (“to die, perish”) +‎ *-us.[1] Thought to be the human incarnation of Nerthus, and the original name of the Norse fertility god Freyr.

Proper noun

*Inguz m[2][3]

  1. Ing, Yngvi, god of fertility
  2. Son of Mannus, progenitor of the Ynglings and Ingaevones.
  3. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᛜ, ᛝ (ng)

Inflection

Declension of *Inguz (u-stem)
singular
nominative *Inguz
vocative *Ingu
accusative *Ingų
genitive *Ingauz
dative *Ingiwi
instrumental *Ingū

Derived terms

  • *Ingwiniz (< gen.sg. of *Ingwô, or + *winiz (“friend”))[4]
    • Proto-West Germanic: *Ingwini
      • Old English: Ingwina (gen.pl.) [Beowulf]
      • Old High German: Inguin
    • Old Norse: Yngvin, Ynguni, Yngunni (West-Germanic borrowing?)
  • *Ingumēraz, *Ingwjamērijaz,[5] *Ingwjamēraz (+ *mērijaz, *mēraz)
    • → Latin: Inguiomerus
  • → Latin: Ingaevōnēs, Ingvaeōnēs (+ -ōnēs)

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *Ingu, *Ingwō
    • Old English: Ing
      • → English: Ing (learned)
    • ⇒ Old English: Ingwi
    • → Late Latin: Inguo [9th c. CE, Codex Sangallensis 732]
    • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *Ingō
  • Old Norse: Yngvi, Ingi
    • ⇒ Old Norse: Ynglingr (+ -lingr)
    • ⇒ Old Norse: Yngvi-Freyr
  • Gothic: *𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌿𐍃 (*iggus) or *𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (*iggws /⁠enguz⁠/)[n 1]

Notes

  1. ^ Latin transcription from the Codex Vindobonensis 795. "Wulfilan" Gothic forms are scholarly reconstructions.[7][8]

Further reading

  • North, Richard (1997) Heathen Gods in Old English Literature, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN

References

  1. ^ Krause, Wolfgang (1944) “Ing”, in Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, philologischhistorische Klaise, number 10, Göttingen
  2. ^ Kniezsa, Veronika (1990) “The orthographic aspect of the runes”, in Fisiak, Jacek, editor, Historical Linguistics and Philology (Trends in Linguistics: Studies & Monographs), Mouton De Gruyter, page 248
  3. ^ Inge in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
  4. ^ Kaser, Max (1939) “Mores maiorum und Gewohnheitsrecht kaser”, in Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, →DOI
  5. ^ Rübekeil, Ludwig (2017–2018) “Chapter IX: Germanic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Germanic, page 991: “Gmc *Ingwjamē₁ri/jaz”
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ernst Förstemann (1856) Altdeutsches Namenbuch (in German), Erste Band: Personennamen, Nordhausen: Verlag von Ferd, Förstemann, →DOI, →OCLC, page 412, column 783
  7. ^ Krause, Wolfgang (1968) Handbuch des Gotischen (in German), 3rd edition, Munich: C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 64
  8. ^ Kirchhoff, A. (1854) Das gothische Runenalphabet: eine Abhandlung‎[1], Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz, page 48
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