Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/neḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*neḱ- (perfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

to perish, disappear
Synonyms: *dʰgʷʰey-, *mer-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *neḱ- (0 c, 45 e)

*néḱ-t ~ *n̥ḱ-ént (aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: नशन्ति (náśanti, 3pl.aor.subj.) (possibly from *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”) instead^[2])
    - ⇒ Sanskrit: अनशत् (ánaśat, thematicised aorist)
- Proto-Tocharian: *näk-
  - Tocharian A: näk-
  - Tocharian B: näk-
*néḱ-s-t ~ *n̥ḱ-s-ént (innovative s-aorist)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian A: ñakäs (3sg.pret.)
  - Tocharian B: nekasta (2sg.pret.)
*néḱ-ye-ti (ye-present) (or *n̥ḱ-yé-ti, with later restitution of full grade root^[2])
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *náćyati (see there for further descendants)
*néḱ-se-ti (se-present)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian A: nkäs
  - Tocharian B: nakṣtär
  - ⇒ Proto-Tocharian:^[5]
    - Tocharian B: -nakṣi
*ne-nóḱ-e ~ *ne-nḱ-ḗr (perfect)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nanā́ća
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nanā́śa
    - Sanskrit: ननाश (nanā́śa)
  - Proto-Iranian: *nanā́ca
    - Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬥𐬇𐬥𐬁𐬯𐬁 (vīnə̄nāsā)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: neku (1sg.subj.)
*noḱ-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nāćáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nāśáyati
    - Sanskrit: नाशयति (nāśáyati)
  - Proto-Iranian: *nācáyati
    - Old Persian: 𐎻𐎡𐎴𐎠𐎰𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (vi-i-n-a-θ-y-t-i-y /⁠vi-nāθayatiy⁠/, 3sg.pres.ind.)
- Proto-Italic: *nokeō^[6]
  - Latin: noceō (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Italic: [Term?] (s(e/o)-present)
    - Latin: noxit
    - ⇒ Proto-Italic: *noksā
      - Latin: noxa
*nóḱ-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nā́ćas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nā́śas
    - Sanskrit: नाश (nāśa) (see there for further descendants)
*neḱ-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *naštás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *naṣṭás
    - Sanskrit: नष्ट (naṣṭá) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian: *naštáh
    - Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 (našta)
*néḱ-s (“death”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *náćš
  - Proto-Iranian: *náš
    - Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬯 (nas)
- Proto-Italic: *neks^[7]
  - Latin: nex, necō (see there for further descendants)
*neḱ-rós
- Proto-Hellenic: *nekrós^[8]
  - Ancient Greek: νεκρός (nekrós)
    - Greek: νεκρός (nekrós)
*néḱ-tu-s ~ *n̥ḱ-téw-s
- Proto-Celtic: *anxtu (see there for further descendants)
*néḱ-us ~ *n̥ḱ-éw-s
*néḱ-tr̥h₂ (with root *terh₂-; though Beekes is unsure^[9])
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: νέκταρ (néktar) (see there for further descendants)
*n̥ḱw-ó-^[10]
- Proto-Tocharian: *eṅkwe
  - Tocharian A: oṅk
  - Tocharian B: eṅkwe

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “nek̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 762
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*nek̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 451-452
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*nas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 282-284
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “näk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 355-356
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “-nakṣi*”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 350
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “noceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 411
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “nex, necis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 407-408
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νεκρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1003-1004
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νέκταρ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1004-1005
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “eṅkwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “nek̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 762

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*nek̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 451-452

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*nas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 282-284

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “näk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 355-356

[5] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “-nakṣi*”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 350

[DV_noceo-6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “noceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 411

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “nex, necis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 407-408

[8] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νεκρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1003-1004

[9] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νέκταρ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1004-1005

[10] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “eṅkwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN

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