Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰgʷʰey-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Reanalysed root of *dʰgʷʰéyti, from *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”) +‎ *-éyti (*éy-present suffix).

Root

*dʰgʷʰey- (perfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]

to decline
to perish
Synonyms: *mer-, *neḱ-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰgʷʰey- (11 c, 0 e)

*dʰgʷʰéy-t ~ *dʰgʷʰy-ént (root aorist)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἔφθιτο (éphthito, 3sg.aor.mid. of φθίω (phthíō))
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háȷ́ʰžʰayt
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háḍẓʰayt
    - Sanskrit: क्षिधी (kṣidhī́, 2sg.aor.impv.)
*dʰgʷʰi-néH-ti ~ *dʰgʷʰi-nH-énti (*néH-present)^[4]^[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *dwīnaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰžʰináHti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ḍẓʰináHti
    - Sanskrit: क्षिणाति (kṣiṇā́ti)
  - Proto-Iranian: *ǰinā́ti
    - Avestan: 𐬘𐬌𐬥𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (jināⁱti)
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (jändä), [script needed] (jindä)
*dʰgʷʰi-néw-ti ~ *dʰgʷʰi-nw-énti (*néw-present)^[6]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: φθίνω (phthínō), φθινύθω (phthinúthō)
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰžʰináwti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ḍẓʰiṇáwti
    - Sanskrit: क्षिणोति (kṣiṇóti) (or later variant of क्षिणाति (kṣiṇā́ti))
*dʰgʷʰi-yé-ti (*yé-present)^[5]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰžʰiyátay
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ḍẓʰiyátay
    - Sanskrit: क्षीयते (kṣīyáte)
    - Sanskrit: *झीयते (jhīyáte)
      - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀛𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇 (jhijjaï)
        Marathi: झिजणे (jhij̈ṇe)
      - Sauraseni Prakrit:
        Hindi: झीझना (jhījhnā)
  - Proto-Iranian: *ǰiyátay
    - Avestan: 𐬀𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (ajiiamna, “not aging”), 𐬀𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (afrajiiamna, “not decreasing”)
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (jīye), [script needed] (jītä)
    - Old Persian: 𐎪𐎡𐎹𐎶𐎴 (ji-i-y-m-n- /⁠jiyamna-⁠/, “the end”)
*dʰe-dʰgʷʰóy-e ~ *dʰe-dʰgʷʰy-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)^[2]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Epic Greek: ἔφθιται (éphthitai, 3sg.perf.mid. of φθίω (phthíō))
  - Mycenaean Greek: 𐀁𐀥𐀴𐀺𐀁 (e-qi-ti-wo-e, ptc.act.)
*dʰgʷʰéy-ti-s ~ *dʰgʷʰi-téy-s^[7] (see there for further descendants)
*dʰgʷʰéy-tu-s ~ *dʰgʷʰi-téw-s^[8]
- Proto-Italic: *(k)situs
  - Latin: situs
*dʰgʷʰi-tó-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰtʰitós
  - Ancient Greek: φθῐτός (phthĭtós)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰžʰtás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ḍẓʰitás
    - Sanskrit: क्षित (kṣitá)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: क्षि (kṣi)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯hđei̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 487
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*d^hg^u̯hei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 150
^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 194
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dwīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 112-113
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*ǰaiH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 223
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φθίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1570-1571
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sitis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 568
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “situs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 568

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯hđei̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 487

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*d^hg^u̯hei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 150

[3] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 194

[4] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dwīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 112-113

[Cheung-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*ǰaiH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 223

[Beekes-6] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φθίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1570-1571

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sitis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 568

[8] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “situs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 568

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