Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dwīnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

According to Orel, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwey- (“to slip away; dwindle; die”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die; pass away”).[1] Given that Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰ generally becomes Proto-Germanic *w word-internally, according to Kroonen, this would rather be from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdwiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dwīnaną[2][1]

  1. to dwindle, disappear

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *dwīnō *dwīnaų — *dwīnai ?
2nd singular *dwīnizi *dwīnaiz *dwīn *dwīnazai *dwīnaizau
3rd singular *dwīnidi *dwīnai *dwīnadau *dwīnadai *dwīnaidau
1st dual *dwīnōz *dwīnaiw — — —
2nd dual *dwīnadiz *dwīnaidiz *dwīnadiz — —
1st plural *dwīnamaz *dwīnaim — *dwīnandai *dwīnaindau
2nd plural *dwīnid *dwīnaid *dwīnid *dwīnandai *dwīnaindau
3rd plural *dwīnandi *dwīnain *dwīnandau *dwīnandai *dwīnaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *dwain *dwinį̄
2nd singular *dwaint *dwinīz
3rd singular *dwain *dwinī
1st dual *dwinū *dwinīw
2nd dual *dwinudiz *dwinīdiz
1st plural *dwinum *dwinīm
2nd plural *dwinud *dwinīd
3rd plural *dwinun *dwinīn
present past
participles *dwīnandz *dwinanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *dwīnan
    • Old English: dwīnan
    • Old Frisian: *dwīna
      • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: ferdwiene
      • ⇒ West Frisian: ferdwyne, ferdwine
    • Old Saxon: *dwīnan
      • Middle Low German: *dwînen
    • Old Dutch: *dwīnan
  • Old Norse: dvína

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*dwīnanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dwīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 112-113
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