Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swīnaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”). According to Kroonen the development of the initial consonant cluster was unstable, leading to the doublets *dwīnaną and *þwīnaną.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈswiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *swīnō | *swīnaų | — | *swīnai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *swīnizi | *swīnaiz | *swīn | *swīnazai | *swīnaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *swīnidi | *swīnai | *swīnadau | *swīnadai | *swīnaidau | |
| 1st dual | *swīnōz | *swīnaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *swīnadiz | *swīnaidiz | *swīnadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *swīnamaz | *swīnaim | — | *swīnandai | *swīnaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *swīnid | *swīnaid | *swīnid | *swīnandai | *swīnaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *swīnandi | *swīnain | *swīnandau | *swīnandai | *swīnaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *swain | *swinį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *swaint | *swinīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *swain | *swinī | ||||
| 1st dual | *swinū | *swinīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *swinudiz | *swinīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *swinum | *swinīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *swinud | *swinīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *swinun | *swinīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *swīnandz | *swinanaz | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *swīnan
- Old Norse: svína
- Icelandic: svína
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*swīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 502
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swīnanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 397