Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bai

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Compare Lithuanian abu (“both”), Proto-Slavic *oba, Sanskrit उभ (ubhá), Latin (am)bō; from a common Proto-Indo-European *bʰóh₁, reflected in the neuter form *bō.[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bɑi̯/

Determiner

*bai[2]

  1. both

Inflection

Declension of *bai (irregular)
plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative *bai *bōz *bō
accusative *banz *bōz *bō
genitive *bajjǫ̂ *bajjǫ̂ *bajjǫ̂
dative *baimaz *baimaz *baimaz
instrumental *baimiz *baimiz *baimiz

The inflection of *bai resembles that found at *twai.

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Old English: bœ̄ġen, bēġen, bēġġen (< Proto-West Germanic *bōjain, a compound formed from *bō + *jain)
      • Middle English: beȝenn, beigene, beine, beie, beye, bey
  • Old Norse: beggja (genitive)
    • Icelandic: beggja
    • Faroese: beggja
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: begge
    • Old Swedish: bæggia, begge, bæggias, bægges, beggiars, bæggers
    • Old Danish: bæggiæ
  • Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹 (bai)

Most languages have this word in a compound with the demonstrative *sa:

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ƀō(u)”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 52
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ba-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46
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