Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brōaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An o-grade intensive, Pre-Germanic *bʰroh₁-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁- (“to burn, brew”), with no certain cognates outside of Germanic.^[1] Note, however, strong semantic and phonetic resemblance to Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, brew”) (whence Proto-Germanic *brewwaną (“to brew”)). See also Proto-West Germanic *brāan (“to smoke, smell”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbrɔː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brōaną

to singe, warm, brew

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 7e)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*brōō	*brōaų	—	*brōai	?
2nd singular	*brōizi	*brōaiz	*brō	*brōazai	*brōaizau
3rd singular	*brōidi	*brōai	*brōadau	*brōadai	*brōaidau
1st dual	*brōōz	*brōaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*brōadiz	*brōaidiz	*brōadiz	—	—
1st plural	*brōamaz	*brōaim	—	*brōandai	*brōaindau
2nd plural	*brōid	*brōaid	*brōid	*brōandai	*brōaindau
3rd plural	*brōandi	*brōain	*brōandau	*brōandai	*brōaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bebrō	*bebrōį̄
2nd singular	*bebrōt	*bebrōīz
3rd singular	*bebrō	*bebrōī
1st dual	*bebrōū	*bebrōīw
2nd dual	*bebrōudiz	*bebrōīdiz
1st plural	*bebrōum	*bebrōīm
2nd plural	*bebrōud	*bebrōīd
3rd plural	*bebrōun	*bebrōīn

	present	past
participles	*brōandz	*brōanaz

Derived terms

*brōduz

Related terms

*brēaną

Descendants

The attested descendants are weak, but the Germanic verb was likely originally strong.

Proto-West Germanic: *brōan
- Old Frisian: *brōia
  - Saterland Frisian: broie
  - West Frisian: broeie
- Old Saxon: *brōian
  - Middle Low German: broien, brogen, brugen
    - German Low German: breihen, breuhen
- Old Dutch: *bruoien
  - Middle Dutch: broeyen
    - Dutch: broeien
      - Afrikaans: broei
    - → Old French: esbroer
      - French: ébrouer
- Old High German: bruoen (in firbruoen)
  - Middle High German: brüejen, brüen
    - German: brühen
    - Luxembourgish: bréien
    - Yiddish: בריִען (brien)
- → Vulgar Latin: *brōīre
  - Old French: bruir (see there for further descendants)
  - Piedmontese: broé, brové
Crimean Gothic: broe

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*brōan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 78

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*brōan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 78

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