Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brakōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Either from a denominative formation equivalent to *braką (“burst, crack”) +‎ *-ōną,^[1] or from an o-grade iterative formation.^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbrɑ.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brakōną^[1]^[2]

to burst, to crash
to creak

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*brakō	*brakǭ	—	*brakōi	?
2nd singular	*brakōsi	*brakōs	*brakō	*brakōsai	*brakōsau
3rd singular	*brakōþi	*brakō	*brakōþau	*brakōþai	*brakōþau
1st dual	*brakōs	*brakōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*brakōþiz	*brakōþiz	*brakōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*brakōmaz	*brakōm	—	*brakōnþai	*brakōnþau
2nd plural	*brakōþ	*brakōþ	*brakōþ	*brakōnþai	*brakōnþau
3rd plural	*brakōnþi	*brakōn	*brakōnþau	*brakōnþai	*brakōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brakōdǭ	*brakōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*brakōdēz	*brakōdēdīz
3rd singular	*brakōdē	*brakōdēdī
1st dual	*brakōdēdū	*brakōdēdīw
2nd dual	*brakōdēdudiz	*brakōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*brakōdēdum	*brakōdēdīm
2nd plural	*brakōdēdud	*brakōdēdīd
3rd plural	*brakōdēdun	*brakōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*brakōndz	*brakōdaz

Related terms

*brekaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *brakōn
- Old Frisian: *brakia
  - West Frisian: braakje, brake
- Old Saxon: brakōn
- Old Dutch: *brakon
  - Middle Dutch: brāken
    - Dutch: braken
- Old High German: *brahhōn
  - Middle High German: brachen
Old Norse: braka
- Faroese: braka
- Icelandic: braka

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*brakōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 54
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages 198, *brakōn-

[HGE-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*brakōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 54

[Kroonen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages 198, *brakōn-

[1]

[2]