Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bringaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably from a Pre-Germanic *bʰrenḱ-, a compound root from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry”) + *h₁n(e)ḱ- (“to bring”) or *h₂n(e)ḱ- (“to reach, attain”).[1] The past tense stem came from *bʰronḱ-, o-grade of *bʰrenḱ-, similar to class III strong verbs (mixed weak (dental) and strong (ablauted) past tense forms are very unusual in Proto-Germanic, and this is the only known case). Compare Proto-Brythonic *hembrüngɨd (“to accompany”).

Another possibility is an analogous derivation of the verbal paradigm from the perfective *ga-bringan, which could be a remodeling of Proto-Indo-European *ḱom (“beside, with”) + *pro- (“forward”) + *h₁énḱ-, with the *p becoming a *b by Verner's law.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbriŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bringaną

  1. to bring

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak suffixless)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bringō *bringaų — *bringai ?
2nd singular *bringizi *bringaiz *bring *bringazai *bringaizau
3rd singular *bringidi *bringai *bringadau *bringadai *bringaidau
1st dual *bringōz *bringaiw — — —
2nd dual *bringadiz *bringaidiz *bringadiz — —
1st plural *bringamaz *bringaim — *bringandai *bringaindau
2nd plural *bringid *bringaid *bringid *bringandai *bringaindau
3rd plural *bringandi *bringain *bringandau *bringandai *bringaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *branhtǭ *branhtēdį̄
2nd singular *branhtēz *branhtēdīz
3rd singular *branhtē *branhtēdī
1st dual *branhtēdū *branhtēdīw
2nd dual *branhtēdudiz *branhtēdīdiz
1st plural *branhtēdum *branhtēdīm
2nd plural *branhtēdud *branhtēdīd
3rd plural *branhtēdun *branhtēdīn
present past
participles *bringandz *branhtaz

Derived terms

  • *brangijaną

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bringan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 77
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