Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dūnaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈduː.nɑz/

Etymology 1

From *dū- (“to whisk, whip up, agitate, storm”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, dust, haze”).

Noun

*dūnaz m

  1. an accumulation, pile, heap
Inflection
Declension of *dūnaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *dūnaz *dūnōz, *dūnōs
vocative *dūn *dūnōz, *dūnōs
accusative *dūną *dūnanz
genitive *dūnas, *dūnis *dūnǫ̂
dative *dūnai *dūnamaz
instrumental *dūnō *dūnamiz
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *dūnā, *dūn m, *dūnu f, *dūnō m
    • Old English: dūn f or m
    • Old Saxon: *dūna f, *dūn m
    • Old Dutch: *dūna
      • Middle Dutch: dûne f or n
        • Dutch: duin f
        • → Old Frisian: dūne f, *dūn n (also possibly borrowed from Low German)
          • Saterland Frisian: Dúune, Duune f
          • West Frisian: dún n
        • → Old French: dune
    • Old High German: *tūna, dūna f
  • >? Old Norse: dúnn, dýnn, dunn, dynn
    • ⇒ Old Norse: sauðadunn, sauðadynn

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, fume, raise dust”).

Noun

*dūnaz m

  2. down (feathers of young birds)
Inflection
Declension of *dūnaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *dūnaz *dūnōz, *dūnōs
vocative *dūn *dūnōz, *dūnōs
accusative *dūną *dūnanz
genitive *dūnas, *dūnis *dūnǫ̂
dative *dūnai *dūnamaz
instrumental *dūnō *dūnamiz
Derived terms
  • *dūnijǭ
  • *daumaz
  • *daunaz
Descendants
  • Old Norse: dúnn
    • Icelandic: dúnn
    • Faroese: dún
    • Norwegian: dun
    • Old Swedish: dūn
    • Elfdalian: daungen
    • Danish: dun
    • Gutnish: däun
    • → Middle English: doun, downe
    • → Middle Low German: dûne
      • German Low German: Duun
      • → Dutch: dons
      • → German: Daune
      • → Saterland Frisian: Duune
    • → Old French: dum, dun (see there for further descendants)
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