dum

Abbreviation of English Dutch, middle.

dum

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Middle Dutch.

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Middle Dutch terms

• IPA^(key): /dʌm/
• Homophone: dumb
• Rhymes: -ʌm

From Hindi दम (dam).

dum (not comparable)

1. (India, cooking) cooked with steam

• dumpoke

dum

1. Syllable used when humming a tune.
   • 2012, Graeme Burk, Robert Smith, Who is the Doctor:

     I like to hang out with friends and travel the world. But if there's one thing I really love, it's Doctor Who. Dum de dum, dum de dum, dum de dum. Whooo-eee-oooo dum de dum, de dum de dum.

dum

1. (nonstandard, humorous) Alternative spelling of dumb.

dum (not comparable)

1. Pronunciation spelling of damn.

• DMU, MUD, UMD, mud

From Old Javanese dum.

dum (Balinese script ᬤᬸᬫ᭄)

1. to divide

• “dum” in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia], Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali].

From Old Norse dumbr (“dumb”), and in the main sense stupid from German dumm. Both from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Low German dumm, Dutch dom, German dumm.

• IPA^(key): /dom/, [d̥ɔmˀ]
• Rhymes: -ɔm

dum

1. stupid, dense, dumb, thick, dim
2. foolish, silly, daft

From Latin dum.

• IPA^(key): /dum/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -um
• Hyphenation: dum

dum

1. for

   Mi estos en Usono dum du jaroj. ― I will be in the USA for two years.

2. during
3. while
4. whereas

From Esperanto dum, from Latin dum.

• IPA^(key): /dum/

dum

1. during, in (a period of time)

   Il esis absenta dum tri yari. ― He was absent for three years.

• dume (“meanwhile, meantime”)

From Old Javanese dum.

dum

1. to divide

From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) +‎ *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.^[1]

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈdũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈd̪um]

dum

1. (indicating coincidence of duration): (with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until

   Synonyms: interea, interim, quamdiū

   Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulcē canō. ― While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.

   dum erunt hominēs ― as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)

   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III.284–285:

     fugit inreparabile tempus
     singula dum capti circumvectamur amore

     Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.

   • 16 BCE, Ovid, The Loves 1.11.15:

     Dum loquor, hōra fugit.

     While I speak, the hour flees away.

2. (indicating coincidence of duration): (before a verbal substantive) during

   Synonym: quamdiū

3. (indicating duration with expectancy): (with subjunctive) until, long enough for
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.325–326:

     “Quid moror? An mea Pygmaliōn dum moenia frāter
     dēstruat, aut captam dūcat Gaetūlus Iarbās?”

     “What am I waiting for? Until my brother Pygmalion busts down these walls? Or the Gaetulian, Iarbas, drags me away, enslaved?”

4. (indicating duration with contingency): (with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that

   Synonym: dummodo

   Oderint, dum metuant. ― Let them hate, so long as they fear.

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Tobit.2.4:

     tollensque illud portavit ad domum suam occulte ut dum sol occubuisset caute sepeliret eum

     And taking it up carried it privately to his house, that after the sun was down, he might bury him cautiously.

Dum offers speakers of Latin the capacity to express duration with coincidence, expectancy, or contingency. Classical authors most often used dum in order to express coincidental duration, and so it was most often accompanied by verbs in the indicative mood; the adverb dummodo was generally used to express aspects of contingency.

dum

1. (Old Latin) for a while, still

• → Asturian: dun (1861 translation of the Gospel of Matthew)
• → Esperanto: dum

• “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• dum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
    
  • as long as one's strength holds out: dum vires suppetunt
    
  • as long as I live: dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo
    
• dum in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[3], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

dum

1. wet

dum

1. alternative form of dumb

From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Cognate with English dumb, Danish dum and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, Dutch dom, German dumm.

dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummere, indefinite superlative dummest, definite superlative dummeste)

1. foolish
2. stupid, silly

• dumhet

• “dum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

• IPA^(key): /dumː/

dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummare, indefinite superlative dummast, definite superlative dummaste)

1. foolish
2. stupid, silly

• “dum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

• dun

From Old Norse dúnn (“down, feathers”), from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz. Cognate with English down, German Daun.

dum m

1. down, feathers of small birds used as insulation material in duvets and sleeping bags

• Middle French: dun
• Norman: dùn
• ⇒ Old French: dumet, dumect
  • Norman: dumet, deumet
  • ⇒ Old French: duvet
    • Middle French: duvet
      • French: duvet
        • → English: duvet
    • Norman: duvet

dum

1. alternative form of daum

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁um (“collection, accumulation”) (compare to Khmer ដុំ (dom, “loaf; piece, block, chunk, part; pile, cluster, bunch”), Eastern Cham ḍaum (“group”)). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /dʊm/

dum

1. part

• dūm

• Javanese: ꦢꦸꦩ꧀ (dum)
• → Balinese: ᬤᬸᬫ᭄ (dum)

• IPA^(key): /ˈdum/
• Rhymes: -um
• Syllabification: dum

dum f

1. genitive plural of duma

• d'um (dated)

From earlier d'um, from de (“of”) + um (“a”, masculine singular indefinite article).

• Hyphenation: dum

dum (feminine duma, masculine plural duns, feminine plural dumas)

1. contraction of de um (“of/from a (masculine)”)

• The contraction of de + um / uma is never obligatory and sometimes associated with spoken language. In a few cases it is not possible:

1. When de is part of a preposition, as in em vez de:^[1]

   Em vez de um escalão ter três anos, ...

2. When um is a numeral:

   Trata-se de um ou dois dias.

From Old Frisian dumb, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz. More at dumb.

dum

1. stupid; dumb

   Synonym: hoolich

2. blindly
3. dizzy

• Dumstolt

• Marron C. Fort (2015) “dum”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

From Old Swedish dumber, from Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian dumb, Danish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Dutch dom and German dumm.

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɵmː/

• Audio:

  (file)

dum (comparative dummare, superlative dummast)

1. stupid, dumb

   Du är inte så dum som du ser ut

   You're not as stupid as you look

2. causing trouble or annoyance

   Dumt att den inte levereras förrän imorgon. Det kommer ställa till med problem.

   It's a shame that it won't be delivered until tomorrow. It's going to cause trouble.

   En kopp kaffe vore inte dumt

   A cup of coffee would be nice (wouldn't be bad)

3. (often childish) mean, cruel, misbehaving, naughty

   Han var dum mot mig!

   He was mean to me!

   Mamma sa till Olle att sluta vara dum

   Mom told Olle to stop being naughty

   Jag borde inte sagt elaka saker till honom. Det var dumt gjort.

   I shouldn't have said mean things to him. It was a stupid thing to do. (not childish – leans more towards morally bad, like in English)

• dum in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• dum in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Cognate with Persian دم (dom).

dum

1. tail

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic دام (dām).

dum (Tifinagh spelling ⴷⵓⵎ)

1. (intransitive) to last, to subsist, to perpetuate

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• ddwam (“duration, continuity”)
• ddaym (“eternal”)
• dima (“always”)

From Proto-Nuristani *dūma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós.

• IPA^(key): /ˈdum/

dum (Gambir)^[1]

1. smoke

• Jakob Halfmann (2022) Advances in the historical phonology of the Nuristani languages, in 'International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction 19, page 127

From Persian دم (dom).

dum (plural dumlar)

1. tail