Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dweh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *dweh₂-[1][2][3]

    1. long, distant
    3. to remove, separate

    Alternative reconstructions

    Derived terms

    • *dwéh₂-s-ti ~ *duh₂-s-énti (desiderative)[2]
      • Proto-Anatolian:
        • Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠tuχːuszi⁠/, “to separate”)
    • *dwéh₂-m (adverb)[3]
      • Proto-Hellenic: *dwān[5][6] (< *dwām < (Stang's law) acc.sg. *dwéh₂-m̥)
        • Ancient Greek: δήν (dḗn, “for a long time”), δᾱ́ν (dā́n) — Doric
      • ⇒ Proto-Italic: *kʷom-dām (“some long time ago”)
        • Latin: quondam (“at one time, formerly”)
        • ⇒ Latin: quīdam (“someone”) (with -dam abstracted to mean "some")
    • *duh₂-m (adverb)[3]
      • Proto-Italic: *dūm
        • Latin: dum (“for a while, still”, adverb) (> dum (“when”, conjunction))
      • ⇒? Proto-Italic: *dū-dūm[5]
        • Latin: dūdum (“some time ago”)
    • *dṓwh₂-s[5][7][8]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dā́ˀwē (< *deh₂wéh₁ < (laryngeal metathesis) instr.sg. *dewh₂-éh₁)
        • Proto-Slavic: *davě (“ago, recently”)
          • Russian: даве (dave) (dialectal)
          • Old Church Slavonic: давѣ (davě)
          • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *davьnъ (“ancient, past”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *dweh₂-ino-s[9]
      • >? Proto-Armenian:
    • *dweh₂-isth₂-óm
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwaHištʰám (“most distant”, adverb)[11]
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dawHiṣṭʰám (with apparent metathesis)
        • Proto-Iranian: *dwaHištám
          • Avestan: 𐬛𐬠𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨 (dbōištəm)
          • Old Persian: 𐎯𐎢𐎺𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎶 (du-u-v-i-š-t-m /⁠duvaištam⁠/)
    • *dweh₂-ró-s, *duh₂-ró-s (“far, long”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *dwéh₂-s ~ *duh₂-és[12]
      • Proto-Anatolian:
        • Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠tuwa⁠/, “far”) (< loc.sg. *dwéh₂[12][13])
          • ⇒ Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠tuwala⁠/, “far from”)
    • *duh₂-tó-s[14]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *duHtás (“messenger, conveyor”)[15]
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *duHtás
        • >? Proto-Indo-Aryan: *duHtáh
          • Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬏𐬙𐬀 (dūta) (meaning uncertain)
    • *déwh₂-yo-s (yo-stem adjective)[16]
      • Proto-Celtic: *dowyos
        • >? Old Irish: doe (“slow, sluggish”)
    • *dwéh₂-yōs ~ *duh₂-is-és (yōs-stem)[11]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dáwHyās (“more distant”) (with apparent metathesis)
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dáwHyās
          • Sanskrit: दवीयस् (dávīyas-)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “3. deu-, deu̯ə-, du̯ā-, dū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 219-220
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*du̯eh₂-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎[1], page 20
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*du̯eh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 165-67
    4. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*deuh₄-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 349a
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dūdum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 181
    6. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δήν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 326
    7. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 232
    8. ^ Macak, Martin (2017–2018) “Chapter X: Armenian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Classical Armenian, page 1050: “*dōu̯h₂-”
    9. ^ Vine, Brent (2002) “On full-grade *-ro- formations in Greek and Indo-European”, in Southern, Mark R. V., editor, Indo-European Perspectives, Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man, page 340
    10. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 266
    11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “dirá- [should read dūrá-]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 188f.
    12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Ozoliņš, Kaspars (2015) Revisiting Proto-Indo-European Schwebeablaut (PhD doctorate), Los Angeles: University of California, pages 143-45
    13. ^ Rieken, Elisabeth (1999) “*du̯eh₂-”, in Untersuchungen zur nominalen Stammbildung des Hethitischen (Studien zu den Boğazköy-Texten; 44)‎[2] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →DOI, page 70
    14. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “dūtá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[3] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 738
    15. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ditá- [should read dūtá-]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 189f.
    16. ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 203
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