Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dalą
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Uncertain; suggested to be cognate with Proto-Slavic *dolъ (“below, down; valley, pit”), and Welsh dôl (“meadow, dale”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰól(h₂)os;[1][2][3] however, if not borrowed from Germanic themselves, is most likely a substrate loanword.[4] Also speculated here are Ancient Greek θόλος (thólos, “round building”), and θάλαμος (thálamos, “chamber, room”), though this is largely rejected.[5][6][7]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdɑ.lɑ/
Noun
*dalą or *dalaz n or m[8][1][9][4][10]
Inflection
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dalą | *dalō |
| vocative | *dalą | *dalō |
| accusative | *dalą | *dalō |
| genitive | *dalas, *dalis | *dalǫ̂ |
| dative | *dalai | *dalamaz |
| instrumental | *dalō | *dalamiz |
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dalaz | *dalōz, *dalōs |
| vocative | *dal | *dalōz, *dalōs |
| accusative | *dalą | *dalanz |
| genitive | *dalas, *dalis | *dalǫ̂ |
| dative | *dalai | *dalamaz |
| instrumental | *dalō | *dalamiz |
Reconstruction notes
The West Germanic descendants are generally neuter (though Old High German tal is attested in both neuter and masculine), while the North Germanic descendants are masculine; the gender of the Gothic term cannot be determined. It is therefore unknown whether neuter *dalą or masculine *dalaz is the original form.
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *dal n or m
- Old Norse: dalr m
- Gothic: 𐌳𐌰𐌻 (dal), *𐌳𐌰𐌻𐍃 (*dals) ?
- →? Proto-Slavic: *dolъ (see there for further descendants)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dala-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 87: “*dʰolh₂-o-”
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. dhel-, dholo-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 245-246
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*dhólhₐos”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 618
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “dele”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 70: “PGMC: *dalaz; No certain IE etymology”
- ^ Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980) “θάλαμος”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck, pages 419-420
- ^ Frisk, Hjalmar (1960–1972) “θάλαμος”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θόλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 550-551: “The comparison with a [sic] European word for ‘valley, etc.’, [..] should be discarded.”
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*đalaz ~ *đalan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 67
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Tal”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 719: “g. *dala- m./n.”
- ^ Hellquist, Elof (1922) “dal”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary][3] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, pages 84-85: “germ. *dala-”