Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/draumaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier *draugmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰmos, a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, injure, damage”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdrɑu̯.mɑz/

Noun

*draumaz m

dream

Inflection

Declension of *draumaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*draumaz	draumōz, draumōs
vocative	*draum	draumōz, draumōs
accusative	*draumą	*draumanz
genitive	draumas, draumis	*draumǫ̂
dative	*draumai	*draumamaz
instrumental	*draumō	*draumamiz

Derived terms

*draumijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *draum
- Old English: drēam, drīm, drēm, *drīem, drām
  - Middle English: drem, dreme, dreem, dreeme, dream, dræm (Early Middle English)
    - English: dream
    - Scots: dreme
- Old Frisian: drām
  - North Frisian: drom
  - Saterland Frisian: Droom
  - West Frisian: dream
- Old Saxon: drōm
  - Middle Low German: drôm
    - Low German: Droom
      - Westphalian:
        Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Dräum ^{The template Template:rfc-sense does not use the parameter(s): 2=is this Ravensbergisch or another Lippisch term? what's the source? — Lippisch (Korl Biegemann, Wilhelm Oesterhaus, [https://www.kinder-lippe.de/lippisch-platt/plattdeutsches-lexikon.html kinder-lippe.de]) has "Draum", see below.
        Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}(Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
        Lippisch: Draum
        Sauerländisch: Dräom, Draum, Dreyem, Droum, Drōem
        Westmünsterländisch: Droom
    - Plautdietsch: Droom
- Old Dutch: drōm, droum
  - Middle Dutch: drôom
    - Dutch: droom
      - Afrikaans: droom
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: drum
      - Jersey Dutch: drôm
      - Negerhollands: droom
    - Limburgish: droum
- Old High German: troum
  - Middle High German: troum
    - Central Franconian:
      - Hunsrik: Draam
    - German: Traum
      - → Hunsrik: Draum
    - Luxembourgish: Dram
    - Yiddish: טרוים (troym)
Old Norse: draumr
- Icelandic: draumur
- Faroese: dreymur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: draum
- Old Swedish: drømber
  - Swedish: dröm
    - Elfdalian: dröm
- Old Danish: drøm
  - Danish: drøm
    - Norwegian Bokmål: drøm
- Gutnish: dråim

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*drauma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 100-1

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*drauma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 100-1

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