Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰrewgʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Etymology 1

    Root

    *dʰrewgʰ-[1][2][3]

    2. to deceive
    Derived terms
    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (deceive) (29 c, 0 e)
    • *dʰréwgʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)[4]
      • Proto-Germanic: *dreuganą (“to mislead, deceive”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *dʰrugʰ-yé-ti (ye-present)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰrúǰʰyati (“to deceive”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *dʰréwk-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és
      • >? Proto-Celtic: *drukos (“bad”) (< *dʰruk-o-s) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *drugą (“delusion”) (< *dʰrugʰ-o-m) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰrúkš (“lie, deceit”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *dʰrówgʰ-os
    • *dʰrówgʰ-mo-s[5]
      • Proto-Germanic: *draumaz (“dream”) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. dhreugh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 276
    2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*dʰreu̯gʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 157
    3. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*dhreugh-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 154
    4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dreugan-1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102
    5. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*drauma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 100-101

    Etymology 2

    Root

    *dʰrewgʰ-[1][2]

    2. to accompany, follow, be loyal
    3. loyal
    Derived terms
    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (serve) (15 c, 0 e)
    • *dʰréwgʰ-e-ti (root present)[3]
      • Proto-Germanic: *dreuganą (see there for further descendants)
    • *dʰrewgʰ-os[4]
      • Proto-Germanic: *dreugaz (“enduring, lasting”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *dʰrowgʰ-ós[5][6]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *draugás (“friend”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *dʰréwgʰ-tis[7]
      • Proto-Germanic: *druhtiz (“troop”) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *druhtinaz (“leader, lord”) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “dhereugh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 254-255
    2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?2.*dʰreu̯gʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 157
    3. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dreugan- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102
    4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dreuga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102
    5. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*drȗgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 121-122
    6. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “draugas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    7. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*druhti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104
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