Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreugaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Derived from *dreuganą (“to serve, be loyal”) +‎ *-az (deverbal adjective suffix).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdreu̯.ɣɑz/

Adjective

*dreugaz

  1. enduring, lasting

Inflection

Declension of *dreugaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *dreugaz *dreugō *dreugą, *-at(ō) *dreugai *dreugôz *dreugō
accusative *dreuganǭ *dreugǭ *dreugą, *-at(ō) *dreuganz *dreugōz *dreugō
genitive *dreugas, *driugis *dreugaizōz *dreugas, *driugis *dreugaizǫ̂ *dreugaizǫ̂ *dreugaizǫ̂
dative *dreugammai *dreugaizōi *dreugammai *dreugaimaz *dreugaimaz *dreugaimaz
instrumental *dreuganō *dreugaizō *dreuganō *dreugaimiz *dreugaimiz *dreugaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *dreugô *dreugǭ *dreugô *dreuganiz *dreugōniz *dreugōnō
accusative *dreuganų *dreugōnų *dreugô *dreuganunz *dreugōnunz *dreugōnō
genitive *driuginiz *dreugōniz *driuginiz *dreuganǫ̂ *dreugōnǫ̂ *dreuganǫ̂
dative *driugini *dreugōni *driugini *dreugammaz *dreugōmaz *dreugammaz
instrumental *driuginē *dreugōnē *driuginē *dreugammiz *dreugōmiz *dreugammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *dreug
    • Old English: *drēog, *drēoh (in compounds)
    • Old Frisian:
      • Saterland Frisian: dreg
      • West Frisian: dreech
  • Old Norse: drjúgr
    • Icelandic: drjúgur
    • Faroese: drjúgvur, drúgvur
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: dryg
    • Elfdalian: driuog
    • Old Swedish: drȳgher
    • Scanian: dryğer
    • Old Danish: drȳgh, drø̄gh
    • Gutnish: draugar, dravvur

References

  • Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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