Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dulaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰul-o-s, a zero-grade nominal formation from *dʰwel(H)- (“to err, go awry, make obscure”). Synchronically analyzed as from an earlier *dwulaz, zero-grade form of *dwalaz. Related to Old Irish dall (“blind”), Welsh dall (“idem”), Latvian dulls (“crazy, furious”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdu.lɑz/

Adjective

*dulaz

confused, stunned
foolish, misled, mad

Inflection

Declension of *dulaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dulaz	*dulō	*dulą, -atō	*dulai	*dulôz	*dulō
accusative	*dulanǭ	*dulǭ	*dulą, -atō	*dulanz	*dulōz	*dulō
genitive	*dulas, -is	*dulaizōz	*dulas, -is	*dulaizǫ̂	*dulaizǫ̂	*dulaizǫ̂
dative	*dulammai	*dulaizōi	*dulammai	*dulaimaz	*dulaimaz	*dulaimaz
instrumental	*dulanō	*dulaizō	*dulanō	*dulaimiz	*dulaimiz	*dulaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dulô	*dulǭ	*dulô	*dulaniz	*dulōniz	*dulōnō
accusative	*dulanų	*dulōnų	*dulô	*dulanunz	*dulōnunz	*dulōnō
genitive	*duliniz	*dulōniz	*duliniz	*dulanǫ̂	*dulōnǫ̂	*dulanǫ̂
dative	*dulini	*dulōni	*dulini	*dulammaz	*dulōmaz	*dulammaz
instrumental	*dulinē	*dulōnē	*dulinē	*dulammiz	*dulōmiz	*dulammiz

Derived terms

*duljaną

Related terms

Descendants

Probably because of the phonetic influence of the preceding -w- and the similarity in meaning, descendants from this term are not always distinguishable from those of *dwalaz. The following lists descendants that do not have -w-.

Proto-West Germanic: *dol
- Old English: dol
  - Middle English: dul, dull, dulle
    - Scots: dull, dul, doll
    - English: dull
- Old Frisian: dol, dul, doll, dull
  - North Frisian: dol, doll, dull
  - Saterland Frisian: dul
  - West Frisian: dol
- Old Saxon: dol
  - Middle Low German: dol
    - Low German: dol, dul
      - → German: doll
- Old Dutch: *dol
  - Middle Dutch: dul, dol, dolle
    - Dutch: dol
      - Afrikaans: dol
      - Negerhollands: dol
      - Petjo: dol
      - → Indonesian: dol (“out of control”)
      - → Papiamentu: dol (dated)
- Old High German: tol
  - Middle High German: tol
    - German: toll
Old Norse: dulr
- Icelandic: dulur
- Faroese: dulur
- Old Swedish: dol, dul

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dula-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 108

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dula-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 108

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