Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fūlaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *púH-lo-s, from *puH- (to be rotten; putrid). Cognate with Lithuanian pū́ti (to rot), Latin pūs (foul, corrupt matter; pus), Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, rots, smells), Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, to rot).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸuː.lɑz/

Adjective

*fūlaz

  1. foul, dirty
  2. rotten

Inflection

Declension of *fūlaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *fūlaz *fūlō *fūlą, -atō *fūlai *fūlôz *fūlō
accusative *fūlanǭ *fūlǭ *fūlą, -atō *fūlanz *fūlōz *fūlō
genitive *fūlas, -is *fūlaizōz *fūlas, -is *fūlaizǫ̂ *fūlaizǫ̂ *fūlaizǫ̂
dative *fūlammai *fūlaizōi *fūlammai *fūlaimaz *fūlaimaz *fūlaimaz
instrumental *fūlanō *fūlaizō *fūlanō *fūlaimiz *fūlaimiz *fūlaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *fūlô *fūlǭ *fūlô *fūlaniz *fūlōniz *fūlōnō
accusative *fūlanų *fūlōnų *fūlô *fūlanunz *fūlōnunz *fūlōnō
genitive *fūliniz *fūlōniz *fūliniz *fūlanǫ̂ *fūlōnǫ̂ *fūlanǫ̂
dative *fūlini *fūlōni *fūlini *fūlammaz *fūlōmaz *fūlammaz
instrumental *fūlinē *fūlōnē *fūlinē *fūlammiz *fūlōmiz *fūlammiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *fūl
    • Old English: fūl
    • Old Frisian: fūl
      • Saterland Frisian: fuul
      • West Frisian: fûl
    • Old Saxon: *fūl (in derivatives)
      • Middle Low German: vûl
        • German Low German: fuul
    • Old Dutch: *fūl (in derivatives)
      • Middle Dutch: vuul
    • Old High German: fūl
  • Old Norse: fúll
    • Icelandic: fúll
    • Faroese: fúlur
    • Norwegian Bokmål: ful
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: ful
    • Old Swedish: fūl
    • Danish: ful
    • Gutnish: fäul
  • Gothic: 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃 (fūls)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fūla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158