Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fūlijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *fūlaz (dirty) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*fūlijaną

  1. to befoul, make dirty

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *fūlijō *fūlijaų *fūlijai ?
2nd singular *fūlīsi *fūlijais *fūlī *fūlijasai *fūlijaisau
3rd singular *fūlīþi *fūlijai *fūlijaþau *fūlijaþai *fūlijaiþau
1st dual *fūlijōs *fūlijaiw
2nd dual *fūlijaþiz *fūlijaiþiz *fūlijaþiz
1st plural *fūlijamaz *fūlijaim *fūlijanþai *fūlijainþau
2nd plural *fūlīþ *fūlijaiþ *fūlīþ *fūlijanþai *fūlijainþau
3rd plural *fūlijanþi *fūlijain *fūlijanþau *fūlijanþai *fūlijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *fūlidǭ *fūlidēdį̄
2nd singular *fūlidēz *fūlidēdīz
3rd singular *fūlidē *fūlidēdī
1st dual *fūlidēdū *fūlidēdīw
2nd dual *fūlidēdudiz *fūlidēdīdiz
1st plural *fūlidēdum *fūlidēdīm
2nd plural *fūlidēdud *fūlidēdīd
3rd plural *fūlidēdun *fūlidēdīn
present past
participles *fūlijandz *fūlidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *fūlijan
    • Old English: fȳlan
      • Middle English: fulen, fuilen, filen
    • Old Saxon: fūlian
    • Old Dutch: *fūlen
      • Middle Dutch: vulen (merged with the descendant of *fūlēn)
        • Dutch: vuilen
  • Old Norse: *fýla
    • Icelandic: fýla
    • Jamtish: fýłe