Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flōduz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *plóh₃tus (“overflow, deluge”), from the root *pleh₃(w)- (“to flow, run”). Synchronically analyzed as a tu-stem nominal formation from *flōaną (“to flow”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸlɔː.ðuz/

Noun

*flōduz m or f[1]

  1. river
    Synonyms: *ahwō, *albī, *fleutą, *rīþaz, *straumaz
  2. flood
    Synonyms: *agraz, *flaumaz

Declension

Declension of *flōduz (u-stem)
singular plural
nominative *flōduz *flōdiwiz
vocative *flōdu *flōdiwiz
accusative *flōdų *flōdunz
genitive *flōdauz *flōdiwǫ̂
dative *flōdiwi *flōdumaz
instrumental *flōdū *flōdumiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *flōdu m or f
    • Old English: flōd n or m, ᚠᛚᚩᛞᚢ (flódu) — Runic
      • Middle English: flod, flood, floode, flode, flowt, fflood, fflode, vlode
        • English: flood
        • Scots: fluid, flude
      • → Anglo-Latin: flōdus [13th c.] (England)
    • Old Frisian: flōd n
      • North Frisian: floth
      • Saterland Frisian: Floud f
      • West Frisian: floed m or f
    • Old Saxon: flōd m or f, fluod
    • Old Dutch: fluod f
      • Middle Dutch: vloet m or f
        • Dutch: vloed c
          • Afrikaans: vloed
          • Berbice Creole Dutch: flutu
          • Javindo: floed
        • Limburgish: vlood
    • Old High German: fluot m
      • Middle High German: vluot m or f
    • → Vulgar Latin: *flōtus (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Norse: flóð n, flœðr f
    • Icelandic: flóð n, flæður f
    • Faroese: flóð f
    • Norwegian: flod c
    • Old Swedish: flōþ n or f
    • Old Danish: floth
  • Gothic: 𐍆𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌿𐍃 m (flōdus)
  • → Proto-Finnic: *loodëh (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*flōdu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 147-8
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