Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flakaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain, though resembling other Indo-European words meaning “flat”. If from pre-Germanic *plog- or *pleh₂g-, or from earlier *flakkaz from *plog-n- or *pleh₂k-n-, the origin could be an extended form of Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“broad, wide, flat”); compare the synonymous Proto-Germanic *flataz, possibly from *pleth₂-n-. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Kroonen considers the adjective from Proto-Indo-European *plók-o-s, also of similar formation to the roots described above, comparing Ancient Greek πλάξ (pláx, “plane, plain; flat stone, board, table”), Lithuanian plãkanas (“flat”), Latvian plakans (“idem”).^[1] See also Proto-Slavic *ploskъ (“flat”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸlɑ.kɑz/

Adjective

*flakaz

flat
Synonym: *flataz

Inflection

Declension of *flakaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*flakaz	*flakō	*flaką, -atō	*flakai	*flakôz	*flakō
accusative	*flakanǭ	*flakǭ	*flaką, -atō	*flakanz	*flakōz	*flakō
genitive	*flakas, -is	*flakaizōz	*flakas, -is	*flakaizǫ̂	*flakaizǫ̂	*flakaizǫ̂
dative	*flakammai	*flakaizōi	*flakammai	*flakaimaz	*flakaimaz	*flakaimaz
instrumental	*flakanō	*flakaizō	*flakanō	*flakaimiz	*flakaimiz	*flakaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*flakô	*flakǭ	*flakô	*flakaniz	*flakōniz	*flakōnō
accusative	*flakanų	*flakōnų	*flakô	*flakanunz	*flakōnunz	*flakōnō
genitive	*flakiniz	*flakōniz	*flakiniz	*flakanǫ̂	*flakōnǫ̂	*flakanǫ̂
dative	*flakini	*flakōni	*flakini	*flakammaz	*flakōmaz	*flakammaz
instrumental	*flakinē	*flakōnē	*flakinē	*flakammiz	*flakōmiz	*flakammiz

Related terms

*flaką (“something flat, flake”)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *flak
- > (Old English: flōc (“flatfish”)) ?
  - (Middle English: flok)
    - (English: fluke)
    - (Scots: fleuk)
- Old Frisian: *flak
  - Saterland Frisian: flak
  - West Frisian: flak
- Old Saxon: flak
  - Middle Low German: vlak
    - German Low German: flack
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: flakk
    - → Swedish: flack
    - → Danish: flak
- Old Dutch: *flak
  - Middle Dutch: vlak
    - Dutch: vlak
      - Afrikaans: vlak
    - Limburgish: vlaak
- Old High German: flah
  - Middle High German: vlach
    - Bavarian: flåch
    - German: flach
    - Luxembourgish: flaach
    - Vilamovian: fłaoch
    - Swedish: flak
    - Yiddish: פֿלאַך (flakh)
→ Proto-Finnic: *lakja (< *flakją)
- Finnish: laaja
- Estonian: lai
- Livonian: laiga
→ Proto-Finnic: *lakëda (nativized with *-ëda)
- Finnish: lakea

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*flaka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 143-4

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*flaka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 143-4

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