Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

    *pel-[1][2]

    1. to cover, to wrap
    3. skin, hide, cloth

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (skin) (27 c, 0 e)
    • *pel-ḗn ~ *pl̥-nés
      • *pl-ēn-ih₂, *pl-ēn-(y)éh₂[3][4][5]
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plēnīˀ, *plēnjāˀ, *plēnāˀ (“membrane”)
          • Latgalian: plieņs
          • Latvian: plēne, plēnes
          • Lithuanian: plėnė̃, plėni̇̀s
          • Old Prussian: pleynis
          • Proto-Slavic: *plěnà (see there for further descendants)
      • *pél-en-(e)h₂ ~ *pl-én-(e)h₂[3][6][4]
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
          • Proto-Slavic: *pelenà (“diaper”), *pelna (see there for further descendants)
      • *pel-nó-m[5][3]
        • Proto-Germanic: *fellą (“skin, hide”)[5] (see there for further descendants)
      • *pl̥-n-eh₂
        • >? Proto-Italic: *palnā
          • >? Latin: palla (“a fine cloth”) (see there for further descendants)
      • *pel-n-i-s[4][5]
        • Proto-Italic: *pelnis
          • Latin: pellis (“pelt, hide”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *pél-mn̥
      • ⇒? *pel-mo-s
        • Proto-Germanic: *felmaz (“covering, skin, hide”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *felmô (< collective *pél-mō)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *pélmə
    • *pél-sḱo-s
      • Proto-Albanian: *plaska
        • Albanian: plah (“to cover”, denominative)
    • *pél-trom
      • >? Proto-Celtic: *ɸletrom (“skin, hide; leather”) (with vowel metathesis)
        • Proto-Brythonic: *lledr (see there for further descendants)
        • Middle Irish: lethar
        • →? Proto-Germanic: *leþrą (“leather”) (see there for further descendants)

    Unsorted formations:

    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: palà (“linen kerchief”)
    Extensions
    • *pel-k-
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Old Prussian: pelkis (“cloak”)
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *felhaną (“to hide, conceal; to bury; to adhere”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *pel-t-
      • ⇒? *polto- (or substantivized from *pol-to-)
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
          • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *poltьno (“linen”) (see there for further descendants)
      • >? Ancient Greek: πέλτη (péltē) (via Thracian?) (see there for further descendants)
    • *pl-ew- (or a u-variant of *pleh₂-?)[7]
      • ⇒ *plēw-eh₂
        • ⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plēwāˀ (“membrane”)
          • Latgalian: plēve
          • Latvian: plêve
          • Lithuanian: plėvė̃
          • Proto-Slavic: *plěva (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ *h₁epi-plow-yo-m
        • >? Proto-Hellenic: *epiplóyyon
    • ⇒? *pl-eh₂- or *pel-h₂-
      • ⇒ *pleh₂-s-o-s
        • Proto-Anatolian:
          • >? Hittite: 𒉺𒆷𒄴𒊭𒀸 (pa-la-aḫ-ša-aš, “a garment”) (or from *pleh₂- (“wide, broad, flat”))[8]
      • ⇒ *pélh₂-t-?
        • Proto-Hellenic:

    Root

      *pel- (perhaps the same as the above)

      2. to fold

      Extensions

      Derived terms

      Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (fold) (8 c, 0 e)
      • *pl-okos
        • Proto-Iranian: *frakah
          • Parthian: (/⁠-frag⁠/, “-fold”)
            Manichaean script: -𐫜𐫡𐫃 (-frg) (e.g. 𐫅𐫇𐫜𐫡𐫃 (dwfrg /⁠dōfrag⁠/, “two-fold”) )
          • Classical Persian: پر (-pirr)
            Iranian Persian: پر (-per(r)), پل (-pel, “-fold”) (e.g. in Shushtari dialect دوپر (dôper, “two-fold”)) [9]
      • *pl-o-
      • *pé-pl-os (reduplicated thematic noun)
        • Proto-Hellenic: *péplos
          • >? Ancient Greek: πέπλος (péplos, “woven cloth, fabric, carpet”)
      • *pel-t-
      • *pl̥-tu-
      • *pl̥-to- (possibly[10])
        • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
          • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
            • Sanskrit: *पृत (*pṛta)
          • Proto-Nuristani:
            • Kamkata-viri:
              Southeastern: -uřë (“layer”)
      • ⇒ *pl̥-h₂-t-yo-
      • Unsorted formations:

      Root

        *pel-

        2. to beat, push, drive

        Extensions

        • *pel-d-
          • *pel-d
            • Proto-West Germanic: *felt (see there for further descendants)
        • *pel-em-
        • *pel-h₂-
        • *pl-eh₂-g-
          • *pleh₂-g-e-ti (thematic present)
            • Proto-Germanic: *flōkaną (see there for further descendants)
            • Proto-Italic: *plāgō
              • Latin: plāgō (see there for further descendants)
          • *pl(e)h₂-n-g-e-ti
            • Proto-Italic: *plāngō
              • Latin: plangō (see there for further descendants)
          • *pl(e)h₂-g-ye-ti
            • Proto-Hellenic: *plā́ďďō
          • *pl(e)h₂-g-éh₂
            • Proto-Albanian: *plāgā[11]
              • Albanian: plojë (“bloodshed, carnage”)
            • Proto-Hellenic: *plāgā́ (“slaughter”)
              • Ancient Greek: πλαγά (plagá), πληγή (plēgḗ, “blow (of a weapon)”)
            • Proto-Italic: *plāgā
              • Latin: plāga (“blow; slaughter; plague, misfortune”) (see there for further descendants)
          • Unsorted formations:
            • >? Proto-Germanic: *flekkaz (“mark, spot, blemish”) (see there for further descendants)
            • >? Proto-Germanic: *flekkô (see there for further descendants)
        • *pl-eh₂-k-
          • *pl-(e)h₂-k-ye-ti
            • Proto-Hellenic: *plāťťō
            • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plā́ˀktei
              • Proto-Slavic: *plakati (see there for further descendants)
          • *pl-eh₂-k-tro-
            • Proto-Hellenic: *plā́ktrom
              • Ancient Greek: πλᾶκτρον (plâktron), πλῆκτρον (plêktron) (see there for further descendants)
        • *pl-eh₁-k-t-
          • *pl-éh₁-k-t-e-ti

        Derived terms

        Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (beat) (3 c, 0 e)
        Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (drive) (1 c, 0 e)
        • *pol-ye-ti
          • Proto-Italic: *poljō
        • *pol-eh₂-yé-ti
        • *pl̥-yé-ti
          • Proto-Hellenic: *pə́ľľō
        • *pl̥-né-ti ~ *pl̥-n-énti
        • *pl̥-tós
          • Proto-Hellenic: *plətós
            • Ancient Greek: παλτός (paltós) (by analogy to πάλλω)
          • Proto-Italic: *poltos
        • Unsorted formations:

        Root

          *pel- (perhaps related to the above root, i.e. resulting from beating)

          2. flour, dust

          Derived terms

          Root

          *pel-[12]

          1. alternative reconstruction of *pelH- (“pale, gray”)

          References

          1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fella-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135
          2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pellis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 455
          3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “plėnė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365: “*pl-ēn-”
          4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pellis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 455: “*pelni-”
          5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fella-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135: “*pel-nó-”
          6. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pelenà; *pelna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 394
          7. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*plěva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 405
          8. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “(TÚG)palaḫša-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 619
          9. ^ [3], "دوپر" in Dehkhoda Dictionary.
          10. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[4] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 141
          11. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎[5], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page ploje
          12. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “falwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[6], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

          Further reading

          This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.