Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fratrudaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *fra- +‎ *trudaną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˌɸrɑˈtru.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*fratrudaną

  1. to trample

Inflection

The present tense has the zero grade vowel -u- rather than -e-. The past participle might have had either.

Conjugation of (strong class 4)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *fratrudō *fratrudaų — *fratrudai ?
2nd singular *fratrudizi *fratrudaiz *fratrud *fratrudazai *fratrudaizau
3rd singular *fratrudidi *fratrudai *fratrudadau *fratrudadai *fratrudaidau
1st dual *fratrudōz *fratrudaiw — — —
2nd dual *fratrudadiz *fratrudaidiz *fratrudadiz — —
1st plural *fratrudamaz *fratrudaim — *fratrudandai *fratrudaindau
2nd plural *fratrudid *fratrudaid *fratrudid *fratrudandai *fratrudaindau
3rd plural *fratrudandi *fratrudain *fratrudandau *fratrudandai *fratrudaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *fratrad *fratrēdį̄
2nd singular *fratrast *fratrēdīz
3rd singular *fratrad *fratrēdī
1st dual *fratrēdū *fratrēdīw
2nd dual *fratrēdudiz *fratrēdīdiz
1st plural *fratrēdum *fratrēdīm
2nd plural *fratrēdud *fratrēdīd
3rd plural *fratrēdun *fratrēdīn
present past
participles *fratrudandz *fratrudanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *fratredan
    • Old English: fortredan
      • Middle English: fortreden
    • Old Frisian: *fortreda
      • West Frisian: fertrêdzje
    • Old Saxon: *fartredan
      • Middle Low German: vörtreden, vortreden
    • Old Dutch: *fartredan
    • Old High German: firtrëtan
  • Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (fratrudan)
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