Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frawaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *prow-os, likely from Proto-Indo-European *prew- (“to jump, hop”). Cognate with Sanskrit प्रवते (právate, “to jump, leap”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸrɑ.wɑz/

Adjective

*frawaz

Inflection

Declension of *frawaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*frawaz	*frawō	*frawą, -atō	*frawai	*frawôz	*frawō
accusative	*frawanǭ	*frawǭ	*frawą, -atō	*frawanz	*frawōz	*frawō
genitive	*frawas, -is	*frawaizōz	*frawas, -is	*frawaizǫ̂	*frawaizǫ̂	*frawaizǫ̂
dative	*frawammai	*frawaizōi	*frawammai	*frawaimaz	*frawaimaz	*frawaimaz
instrumental	*frawanō	*frawaizō	*frawanō	*frawaimiz	*frawaimiz	*frawaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*frawô	*frawǭ	*frawô	*frawaniz	*frawōniz	*frawōnō
accusative	*frawanų	*frawōnų	*frawô	*frawanunz	*frawōnunz	*frawōnō
genitive	*frawiniz	*frawōniz	*frawiniz	*frawanǫ̂	*frawōnǫ̂	*frawanǫ̂
dative	*frawini	*frawōni	*frawini	*frawammaz	*frawōmaz	*frawammaz
instrumental	*frawinē	*frawōnē	*frawinē	*frawammiz	*frawōmiz	*frawammiz

Derived terms

*frawiþō
- Old High German: frewida, frouwida
  - Middle High German: vröude, vrowede
    - German: Freude
*frawjaną
*frawalīkaz
- Old Frisian: frōlik
  - West Frisian: frolyck
- Old Saxon: *frōlīk
  - Middle Low German: vrȫlîk, vroulîk, vroilik
    - German Low German: froihlik
- Old Dutch: frōlīk
  - Middle Dutch: vrolic
    - Dutch: vrolijk, (obsolete) vroolijk
      - Afrikaans: vrolik
      - → English: frolic
- Old High German: frawalīh, frōlīh
  - Middle High German: vrœlich
    - German: fröhlich
    - Pennsylvania German: freehlich/frehlich
    - Silesian East Central German: frehlich

Related terms

*fruwiþō

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *frau
- Old Frisian: frē, frō
- Old Saxon: frā
  - Middle Low German: vrô
    - Plautdietsch: froo
    - → Danish: fro
- Old Dutch: *frō, frōlīk
  - Middle Dutch: fro, vro, vroe
- Old High German: frō, frao, frāo
  - Middle High German: vrō
    - Bavarian: froh
      - Cimbrian: fròo
    - Central Franconian: fruh, froh
      - Luxembourgish: frou
    - German: froh
    - Silesian East Central German: fruh
Old Norse: frár, frór
- Icelandic: frár, frór
- Faroese: fróur
- Old Swedish: frār
- Dalian: frår
- Helsingian: frå
Gothic: *𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃 (*fraus) (in given names)
→ Proto-Finnic: *rapëda (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*frawa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*frawa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153

[1]