Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frustāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *frustaz (“frost”) +‎ *-āną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸrus.tɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*frustāną

  1. to become frosty, to freeze

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *frustō ? — ? ?
2nd singular *frustaisi ? *frustai *frustāsai ?
3rd singular *frustaiþi ? *frustāþau *frustāþai ?
1st dual *frustōs ? — — —
2nd dual *frustāþiz ? *frustāþiz — —
1st plural *frustāmaz ? — *frustānþai ?
2nd plural *frustaiþ ? *frustaiþ *frustānþai ?
3rd plural *frustānþi ? *frustānþau *frustānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *frustadǭ *frustadēdį̄
2nd singular *frustadēz *frustadēdīz
3rd singular *frustadē *frustadēdī
1st dual *frustadēdū *frustadēdīw
2nd dual *frustadēdudiz *frustadēdīdiz
1st plural *frustadēdum *frustadēdīm
2nd plural *frustadēdud *frustadēdīd
3rd plural *frustadēdun *frustadēdīn
present past
participles *frustāndz *frustadaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *frostēn
    • Old Frisian: frostia
    • Old Dutch: *froston
    • Old High German: *frostēn
      • ⇒ Old High German: irfrostēn
      • Middle High German: vrosten
  • Old Norse: frosta
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