Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fursaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *pŕ̥sos, from Proto-Indo-European *pers- (“to spray, splash”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸur.sɑz/

Noun

*fursaz m

waterfall, torrent

Inflection

Declension of *fursaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*fursaz	fursōz, fursōs
vocative	*furs	fursōz, fursōs
accusative	*fursą	*fursanz
genitive	fursas, fursis	*fursǫ̂
dative	*fursai	*fursamaz
instrumental	*fursō	*fursamiz

Derived terms

*fursijaną
- Old Norse: fyrsa

Descendants

Old Norse: fors, foss, foss
- Icelandic: fors, foss
  - → English: foss
- Faroese: fossur
- Norn: fors
- Norwegian: foss, fors
  - → Danish: fos, >? fors
    - Norwegian Bokmål: foss
- Old Swedish: fors
  - Swedish: fors
- Middle Danish: fors
  - >? Danish: fors (influenced by Norwegian)
- → Middle English: fors, force
  - English: force (in the sense of a waterfall) (Northern England)
- → Middle Low German: vorsch
→ Proto-Finnic: *purha (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fursa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 161-2

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fursa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 161-2

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