Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gleupaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *glupъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣleu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gleupaną[1][2]

  1. to gape
  2. to look, stare, squint
  3. to sneak

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gleupō *gleupaų — *gleupai ?
2nd singular *gliupizi *gleupaiz *gleup *gleupazai *gleupaizau
3rd singular *gliupidi *gleupai *gleupadau *gleupadai *gleupaidau
1st dual *gleupōz *gleupaiw — — —
2nd dual *gleupadiz *gleupaidiz *gleupadiz — —
1st plural *gleupamaz *gleupaim — *gleupandai *gleupaindau
2nd plural *gliupid *gleupaid *gliupid *gleupandai *gleupaindau
3rd plural *gleupandi *gleupain *gleupandau *gleupandai *gleupaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *glaup *glupį̄
2nd singular *glauft *glupīz
3rd singular *glaup *glupī
1st dual *glupū *glupīw
2nd dual *glupudiz *glupīdiz
1st plural *glupum *glupīm
2nd plural *glupud *glupīd
3rd plural *glupun *glupīn
present past
participles *gleupandz *glupanaz

Alternative forms

  • *glūpaną

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *glūpan
    • Old Frisian: glūpa
    • Old Saxon: *glūpan
      • Middle Low German: glūpen
    • Old Dutch: *glūpan
  • Old Norse: *gljopa, *glúpa
    • Norwegian:
      Norwegian Nynorsk: gljupa, glupa
    • Elfdalian: glaupa
    • Swedish: gliopa, glupa

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gleupan-~*glūpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 180
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒlūpanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 137
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