Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grubilōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly a derivative of *grubilaz (“lying face down", or "a digging instrument”) +‎ *-ōną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scrape, scratch”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣru.βi.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grubilōną[1]

  1. to lie face down, lie prostrate
  2. to grub, scramble, scrape, scratch

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grubilō *grubilǭ — *grubilōi ?
2nd singular *grubilōsi *grubilōs *grubilō *grubilōsai *grubilōsau
3rd singular *grubilōþi *grubilō *grubilōþau *grubilōþai *grubilōþau
1st dual *grubilōs *grubilōw — — —
2nd dual *grubilōþiz *grubilōþiz *grubilōþiz — —
1st plural *grubilōmaz *grubilōm — *grubilōnþai *grubilōnþau
2nd plural *grubilōþ *grubilōþ *grubilōþ *grubilōnþai *grubilōnþau
3rd plural *grubilōnþi *grubilōn *grubilōnþau *grubilōnþai *grubilōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grubilōdǭ *grubilōdēdį̄
2nd singular *grubilōdēz *grubilōdēdīz
3rd singular *grubilōdē *grubilōdēdī
1st dual *grubilōdēdū *grubilōdēdīw
2nd dual *grubilōdēdudiz *grubilōdēdīdiz
1st plural *grubilōdēdum *grubilōdēdīm
2nd plural *grubilōdēdud *grubilōdēdīd
3rd plural *grubilōdēdun *grubilōdēdīn
present past
participles *grubilōndz *grubilōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *grubilōn
    • Old Saxon: *gruvilōn
      • Middle Low German: *gruvelen, *grüvelen
        • German Low German: gruveln (also possibly borrowed from Middle High/Modern German)
    • Old High German: grubilōn
      • Middle High German: grübelen
  • Old Norse: grœfla, grufla
    • Icelandic: grufla
    • Faroese: gruvla
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: gruvla
    • → Middle English: *grovelen
      • English: grovel
      • Middle Scots: grovill

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒrubilōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 144
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