Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grundijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *grunduz (“ground”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣrun.di.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grundijaną

  1. To bring down to the ground
  2. To establish, to lay the foundations of
  3. To research, to explore

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grundijō *grundijaų — *grundijai ?
2nd singular *grundīsi *grundijais *grundī *grundijasai *grundijaisau
3rd singular *grundīþi *grundijai *grundijaþau *grundijaþai *grundijaiþau
1st dual *grundijōs *grundijaiw — — —
2nd dual *grundijaþiz *grundijaiþiz *grundijaþiz — —
1st plural *grundijamaz *grundijaim — *grundijanþai *grundijainþau
2nd plural *grundīþ *grundijaiþ *grundīþ *grundijanþai *grundijainþau
3rd plural *grundijanþi *grundijain *grundijanþau *grundijanþai *grundijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grundidǭ *grundidēdį̄
2nd singular *grundidēz *grundidēdīz
3rd singular *grundidē *grundidēdī
1st dual *grundidēdū *grundidēdīw
2nd dual *grundidēdudiz *grundidēdīdiz
1st plural *grundidēdum *grundidēdīm
2nd plural *grundidēdud *grundidēdīd
3rd plural *grundidēdun *grundidēdīn
present past
participles *grundijandz *grundidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *grundijan
    • Old English: gryndan
    • Old Saxon: grundian
    • Old High German: grunten
  • Old Norse: grynna (< Verner alternation *grunþijaną)
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