Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hūwilōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*hūwulōną, *hūlōną, *hiuwilōną

Etymology

Ultimately of imitative origin. Said by Pokorny to be from Proto-Indo-European *kū-,^[1] but others dispute this.^[2] Also compare *heufaną (“to lament”), *uwwalǭ (“owl”) and Proto-West Germanic *hūō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxuːwi.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hūwilōną

to howl; scream

Conjugation

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hūwilō	*hūwilǭ	—	*hūwilōi	?
2nd singular	*hūwilōsi	*hūwilōs	*hūwilō	*hūwilōsai	*hūwilōsau
3rd singular	*hūwilōþi	*hūwilō	*hūwilōþau	*hūwilōþai	*hūwilōþau
1st dual	*hūwilōs	*hūwilōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hūwilōþiz	*hūwilōþiz	*hūwilōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hūwilōmaz	*hūwilōm	—	*hūwilōnþai	*hūwilōnþau
2nd plural	*hūwilōþ	*hūwilōþ	*hūwilōþ	*hūwilōnþai	*hūwilōnþau
3rd plural	*hūwilōnþi	*hūwilōn	*hūwilōnþau	*hūwilōnþai	*hūwilōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hūwilōdǭ	*hūwilōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hūwilōdēz	*hūwilōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hūwilōdē	*hūwilōdēdī
1st dual	*hūwilōdēdū	*hūwilōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hūwilōdēdudiz	*hūwilōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hūwilōdēdum	*hūwilōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hūwilōdēdud	*hūwilōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hūwilōdēdun	*hūwilōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hūwilōndz	*hūwilōdaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hūilōn, *hūlōn
- Old English: *hūlian
  - Middle English: howlen, howlyn, hulen
    - English: howl
    - Scots: howl
    - Yola: hol
- Old Frisian: *hūlia
  - Saterland Frisian: huulje
  - West Frisian: huilje
- Old Saxon: *hūwilōn, *hūlōn
  - Middle Low German: hü̂len, hûlen
    - German Low German: hulen
    - → Danish: hyle
    - → Norwegian:
      - Norwegian Bokmål: hyle
      - Norwegian Nynorsk: hyla
    - → Swedish: hyla
- Old Dutch: *hūlon
  - Middle Dutch: hulen
    - Dutch: huilen
      - Afrikaans: huil
      - Negerhollands: hyelen, hyel
    - Limburgish: hule
- Old High German: hūwilōn, hūlōn; hiuwilōn, hiwilōn
  - Middle High German: hūwelen, hūwlen, hūlen; hiuwelen, hiulen, hielen
    - Alemannic German: hüüwle
    - German: heulen
- → Old French: uller, ouler
Old Norse: ýla, úla
- Icelandic: ýla
- Faroese: ýla
- Norwegian Nynorsk: yla, ula
- Swedish: yla

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “kā̆u-, kē̆u-, kū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 535-36
^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “huilen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “kā̆u-, kē̆u-, kū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 535-36

[2] van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “huilen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

[1]

[2]