Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/habą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑ.βɑ̃/

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p-

Proto-Germanic *habą

From Proto-Indo-European *kap-ó-m, from *keh₂p- (“to seize; take up; lift”).^[1]

Noun

*habą n

sea

Inflection

Declension of *habą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*habą	*habō
vocative	*habą	*habō
accusative	*habą	*habō
genitive	habas, habis	*habǫ̂
dative	*habai	*habamaz
instrumental	*habō	*habamiz

Synonyms

Derived terms

*habanō

Related terms

*habjaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hab
- Old English: hæf, heaf
- Old Frisian: *haf, hef
  - North Frisian: haf, haft, heef
- Old Saxon: *haf
  - Middle Low German: haf
    - German Low German: Haff
      - → German: Haff
        → Dutch: haf
        → Polish: haf
- Old Dutch: haf
- Old High German: *hab
  - Middle High German: hap (genitive: habes)
Old Norse: haf
- Icelandic: haf
- Faroese: hav
- Norn: hav
- Norwegian: hav
- Old Swedish: haf
  - Swedish: hav
- Danish: hav
- Gutnish: hav, av
- → Scots: haaf
- → English: haaf
→ Proto-Samic: *āpē (see there for further descendants)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to seize; take up; lift”), synchronically analyzed as a nominal formation from *habjaną (“to have, hold”).^[2]

Noun

*habą n^[2]

lift, lifting, elevation

Inflection

Declension of *habą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*habą	*habō
vocative	*habą	*habō
accusative	*habą	*habō
genitive	habas, habis	*habǫ̂
dative	*habai	*habamaz
instrumental	*habō	*habamiz

Related terms

*habjaną
*habō
- Proto-West Germanic: *habu

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hab
- Old English: *haf, *hæf
  - ⇒? Middle English: haftre (“support beam”)
- Old High German: *hab
  - ⇒ Old High German: urhab n or m
    - Middle High German: urhap
      - German: Urhab
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *habattjan
  - >? Old English: hafettan
    - ⇒? Old English: hafetian
- ⇒? Old English: *hafu (possibly a back-formation from the neuter plural)
  - ⇒ Old English: *āhafu
    - ⇒ Old English: ūpāhafu
Old Norse: *haf
- ⇒ Old Norse: upphaf
  - Icelandic: upphaf
  - Faroese: upphav
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: opphav, upphav (until 1938)
  - Old Danish: ophav
    - Danish: ophav
      - Norwegian Bokmål: opphav
  - Old Swedish: uphof
    - Swedish: upphov, upphof (until 1906)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*habanō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 196-7: “*haba-”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xaƀan II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*habanō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 196-7: “*haba-”

[HGE-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xaƀan II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147

[1]

[2]