Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haifstiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Likely from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoyp-sti-s, from *ḱeyp- (“to ridicule, anger”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑi̯ɸ.stiz/

Noun

*haifstiz f

  1. conflict, struggle

Inflection

Declension of *haifstiz (i-stem)
singular plural
nominative *haifstiz *haifstīz
vocative *haifsti *haifstīz
accusative *haifstį *haifstinz
genitive *haifstīz *haifstijǫ̂
dative *haifstī *haifstimaz
instrumental *haifstī *haifstimiz
  • *haifstijaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *haifsti
    • Old English: hǣst, hǣste, hēst
      • Middle English: heste (hapax)
    • Old Frisian: hāst
      • Saterland Frisian: Hoast
      • West Frisian: haest; haeste
    • Old Saxon: heist
    • Old Dutch: *hēst
    • Old High German: heist, heisti, *heifti
      • Middle High German: heifte
    • → Old French: haste (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Norse: heipt, heift, heist
  • Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃𐍄𐍃 (haifsts)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*haifsti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 200: “*ḱoip-sti-”
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